上面的sqlnet.ora文件说明:
SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES= (NTS)——这个表示采用os认证,在数据库服务器上,可以利用sqlplus “/ as sysdba”。一般这个配置在windows上是ok的,在unix环境下可能会有问题,一般在unix下可以去掉这个配置。
NAMES.DIRECTORY_PATH= (TNSNAMES, HOSTNAME, ONAMES)——表示将首先利用tnsnames进行解析;如果tnsnames解析不到,将使用hostname解析;如果hostname解析不 到,将采用onames进行解析。
被注释掉的NAMES.DEFAULT_DOMAIN = us.oracle.com——表示采用默认的domain name为us.oracle.com,在tnsnames.ora中如果配置对应的解析,如果原来的别名oralocal,那么,当启用这个参数后,在 tnsnames中的配置要改成oralocal.us.oracle.com。在使用tnsping时或者sqlplus登录时,只需写前面的别名,系 统会自动加上后面的domain name来进行解析。
检查完毕sqlnet.ora,一般都会发现是使用tnsname来解析别名的,那么,tnsnames.ora中可以有哪些配置种类呢?
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
###### 一般的配置 ##################################
ORALOCAL =
( DESCRIPTION =
( ADDRESS_LIST =
( ADDRESS = ( PROTOCOL = TCP )( HOST = 127.0.0.1 )( PORT = 1521 ))
)
( CONNECT_DATA =
( SERVER = DEDICATED )
( SERVICE_NAME = oralocal )
)
)
###### 这样也行,用SID=oralocal ###########################
ORALOCAL_2 =
( DESCRIPTION =
( ADDRESS_LIST =
( ADDRESS = ( PROTOCOL = TCP )( HOST = 127.0.0.1 )( PORT = 1521 ))
)
( CONNECT_DATA =
( SERVER = DEDICATED )
( SID = oralocal )
)
###### RAC的配置(3节点rac) ###############################
ORALOCAL =
( DESCRIPTION =
( load_balance = yes )
( failover = on )
( ADDRESS_LIST =
( ADDRESS = ( PROTOCOL = TCP )( HOST = 192.168.1.1 )( PORT = 1521 ))
( ADDRESS = ( PROTOCOL = TCP )( HOST = 192.168.1.2 )( PORT = 1521 ))
( ADDRESS = ( PROTOCOL = TCP )( HOST = 192.168.1.3 )( PORT = 1521 ))
)
( CONNECT_DATA =
( SERVICE_NAME = oralocal )
( SERVER = DEDICATED )
( failover_mode = ( type = select )( method = basic )( retries = 20 )( delay = 20 ))
)
)
ORALOCAL_NODE1 =
( DESCRIPTION =
( ADDRESS_LIST =
( ADDRESS = ( PROTOCOL = TCP )( HOST = 192.168.1.1 )( PORT = 1521 ))
)
( CONNECT_DATA =
( SERVICE_NAME = oralocal )
( INSTANCE_NAME = oralocal_node1 )
)
)
ORALOCAL_NODE2 =
( DESCRIPTION =
( ADDRESS_LIST =
( ADDRESS = ( PROTOCOL = TCP )( HOST = 192.168.1.2 )( PORT = 1521 ))
)
( CONNECT_DATA =
( SERVICE_NAME = oralocal )
( INSTANCE_NAME = oralocal_node2 )
)
)
ORALOCAL_NODE3 =
( DESCRIPTION =
( ADDRESS_LIST =
( ADDRESS = ( PROTOCOL = TCP )( HOST = 192.168.1.3 )( PORT = 1521 ))
)
( CONNECT_DATA =
( SERVICE_NAME = oralocal )
( INSTANCE_NAME = oralocal_node3 )
)
)
)
###### DATA GUARD配置(primary库和standby库都需要配置)##############
standby =
( DESCRIPTION =
( ADDRESS_LIST =
( ADDRESS = ( PROTOCOL = TCP )( HOST = 192.168.2.2 )( PORT = 1521 ))
)
( CONNECT_DATA =
( SERVER = DEDICATED )
( SERVICE_NAME = oralocal )
)
)
primary =
( DESCRIPTION =
( ADDRESS_LIST =
( ADDRESS = ( PROTOCOL = TCP )( HOST = 192.168.2.1 )( PORT = 1521 ))
)
( CONNECT_DATA =
( SERVER = DEDICATED )
( SERVICE_NAME = oralocal )
)
)
另外需要注意的2点情况:
(1)如果tnsnames中的service_name配置错误,配置成了instance_name了,这个时候会发生tnsping能通,但是 sqlplus连接不上的奇怪情况。报错ORA-12514: TNS:listener could not resolve SERVICE_NAME given in connect descriptor。这个时候查错的时候,需要检查对应的service_name。
(2)如果远程数据库是rac,而且本地客户端端远程数据库处于不同的网段,通过公网链接,rac对外的ip映射只有一个,即只映射到一个节点。请注意在 客户端配置tnsnames的时候按照单机的情况来配置。呵呵,dba不仅仅要学习oracle,了解一些网络的知识,特别是自己系统的网络架构,也是需 要的。