本文将介绍一下Java中关于Integer的缓存知识,首先看一下下面的代码,猜测一下会输出什么结果。
- /**
- * Created by lanxing on 16-3-13.
- */
- public class IntegerCache {
- public static void main(String[] args){
- Integer integer1 = 3;
- Integer integer2 = 3;
- System.out.println(integer1 == integer2);
- Integer integer3 = 300;
- Integer integer4 = 300;
- System.out.println(integer3 == integer4);
- }
- }
对于上述代码,由于运用的是“==”,而java中“==”比较的是两个引用而非引用的值,所以大家普遍认为两个输出都会是false,然而运行结果则为true,false。
Java中关于Integer缓存机制的介绍:
由于上述代码进行了自动装包操作,查看Java的Integer源码的valueOf(int)代码如下:
- /**
- * Returns an {@code Integer} instance representing the specified
- * {@code int} value. If a new {@code Integer} instance is not
- * required, this method should generally be used in preference to
- * the constructor {@link #Integer(int)}, as this method is likely
- * to yield significantly better space and time performance by
- * caching frequently requested values.
- *
- * This method will always cache values in the range -128 to 127,
- * inclusive, and may cache other values outside of this range.
- *
- * @param i an {@code int} value.
- * @return an {@code Integer} instance representing {@code i}.
- * @since 1.5
- */
- public static Integer valueOf(int i) {
- if (i >= IntegerCache.low && i <= IntegerCache.high)
- return IntegerCache.cache[i + (-IntegerCache.low)];
- return new Integer(i);
- }
- /**
- * Cache to support the object identity semantics of autoboxing for values between
- * -128 and 127 (inclusive) as required by JLS.
- *
- * The cache is initialized on first usage. The size of the cache
- * may be controlled by the {@code -XX:AutoBoxCacheMax=<size>} option.
- * During VM initialization, java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high property
- * may be set and saved in the private system properties in the
- * sun.misc.VM class.
- */
- private static class IntegerCache {
- static final int low = -128;
- static final int high;
- static final Integer cache[];
- static {
- // high value may be configured by property
- int h = 127;
- String integerCacheHighPropValue =
- sun.misc.VM.getSavedProperty("java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high");
- if (integerCacheHighPropValue != null) {
- try {
- int i = parseInt(integerCacheHighPropValue);
- i = Math.max(i, 127);
- // Maximum array size is Integer.MAX_VALUE
- h = Math.min(i, Integer.MAX_VALUE - (-low) -1);
- } catch( NumberFormatException nfe) {
- // If the property cannot be parsed into an int, ignore it.
- }
- }
- high = h;
- cache = new Integer[(high - low) + 1];
- int j = low;
- for(int k = 0; k < cache.length; k++)
- cache[k] = new Integer(j++);
- // range [-128, 127] must be interned (JLS7 5.1.7)
- assert IntegerCache.high >= 127;
- }
当然,Java中除了对Integer有缓存机制外,其中还有ByteCache,ShortCache,LongCache,CharacterCache分别对其对应的类型进行缓存,其中Byte,Short,Long的缓存范围都为-128——127,Character为0——127。特别要注意的是这几个缓存中,只有Integer的缓存上限(high)可以设置,其他的都不能进行设置,为固定范围。