【翁恺】07-构造和析构

point::init()

c++是一个注重效率的语言，不会自己做初始化，区别于java，自己搬进来自己打扫;

vs debug模式中未初始化的内存是十六进制的“0xcd，两个构成中文“烫”;

依赖于的程序员的自觉性，素养;

定义了一个对象，对象里面的数据没有初始化。

guaranteed initialization with the constructor

• if a class has a constructor,the compiler(编译器) automatically calls that constructor at the point an object is created,before client programmers can get their hands on the object
• the name of the constructor is the same as the name of class

how a constructor does?

class X {
    int i;
public:
    X();
};

1. 构造函数X没有返回类型,和类名一模一样；

2. 对象被创造的时候 X() 被自动调用;

3. X() 也是类的成员函数，this指的是那个对象的地址；

X a;----->a.X()

constructors with arguments

• the constructor can have arguments to allow you to specify how an object is created,give it initialization values,and so on

  Tree(int i){...} // 带参数构造函数
  Tree t(12);  // 12传给构造函数

the destructor

• in C++,cleanup is as important as initialization and is there guaranteed with destructor

• the destructor is named after the name of the class with a leading tilde （~）.the destructor never has any arguments

  class Y{
  public:
      ~Y();  // 波浪号
  };

没有参数，没有返回类型；被析构之前，析构函数被调用，空间被收回。

when is a destructor called?

• the destructor is automatically by the compiler when the object goes out of scope
• the only evidence for a destructor call is the closing brace of the scope that surrounds the object