【翁恺】19-向上造型

conversions

• public inheritance should imply（意味着） substitution（代替）
  • if B is a A,you can use a B anywhere an A can be used
    • if B is a A, then everything that is true for A is also true of B
  • be careful if the substitution if not valid

	D is deriver(派生) from B
D	=>	B
D*	=>	B*
D&	=>	B&

子类的对象可以当作父类来看待

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class A{
public:
	int i;
	A():i(10){};
};

class B:public A{
private:
	int j;
public:
	B():j(30){};
	void f(){
		cout<<"b.j="<<j<<endl;
	}
};

int main(){
	A a;
	B b;
	
	cout<<a.i<<"-------"<<b.i<<endl;
	cout<<sizeof(a)<<"	"<<sizeof(b)<<endl;
	
	int *p=(int*)&a;
	cout<<p<<"	"<<*p<<endl;
	*p=20;
	cout<<a.i<<endl;
	
	p=(int*)&b;
	cout<<p<<"	"<<*p<<endl;
	p++;
	*p=50;
	b.f();
	
	return 0;
	
}


--------------------------------
10-------10
4       8
0x6ffe00        10
20
0x6ffdf0        10
b.j=50

--------------------------------

Upcasting 向上造型

• upcasting is the act of converting from a Derived reference or pointer to a base class reference or pointer

upcasting examples

Mannager pete("Pere"."88888888","Bakery");
Employee* ep = &pete;	//upcast 指针
Employee& er = pete;	//upcast 引用

• lose type information about the object:

ep->print(cout);	//print base class version 使用的父类的函数

子类中的函数如果与父类中的函数重名则父类的中的函数隐藏