【翁恺】20-多态性

a drawing program

• data
  • center
• operatons
  • render
  • move
  • resize

Inheritance in C++

• can define one class in term of another
• can capture the notion that
  • an ellipse is a shape
  • a circle is a special kind of ellipse
  • a rectangle is a different shape
  • circles,ellipses,and rectangles share common
    • attributes
    • services
  • circles,ellipses,and rectangles are not identical（同一的）

conceptual（概念） model

 render 不同

shape

• define the general properties of shape

  class XYPos{...};//x,y point
  class shape{
  public:
      Shape();
      virtual ~Shape();
      virtual void render(); // virtual 子类和父类的同名函数联系在一起
      void move(const XYPos&);
      virtual void resize();
  protected:
      XYPos center;
  }

add new shapes

class Ellipse:public Shape{
public:
    Ellipse(float maj,float mint);
    virtual void render();//will define own  virtual不加也是virtual的，好习惯，不用看shape
protected:
    float major_axis,minor_axis; 
};

class Circls:public Ellipse{
public:
	Circle(float radius):Ellispse(radius,radius){}
    virtual void render();
};

Example

void render(Shape* p){ // 通用函数
    p->render();	//calls correct render function for given shape
}	
// p的静态类型是 shape 的指针；p的动态类型指的是 p当时指的对象的类型是什么。如果render是virtual 是动态绑定，取决于render；不是virtual是静态绑定。
void func(){
    Ellipse ell(10,20);
    ell.render();
    
    Circle circ(40);
    circ.render();
    
    render(&ell); // virtual作用：运行时候确定调用哪个函数，这里调用 ell 的函数
    reder(&circ);
}

p是多态的，p指的谁，变成谁的形态。

poly多morphism形态 （多态性）

• upcast: take an object of the derived class as an object of base one

  • Ellipse can be treaded as a Shape

upcast： 把子类对象当作父类看待

• dynamic binging(动态绑定)

  • binding:which function to be called
    • static binding:call the function as the code
    • dynamic binding:call the function of the object

绑定：调用函数时候应调用哪个函数，叫做绑定

静态绑定：调的函数在编译时候确定

动态绑定：运行时候才知道调用哪个函数，根据指针所指的对象决定