JPA

转自： https://blog.csdn.net/wujiaqi0921/article/details/78789087

1.什么是jpa？

英文：Java Persistence API，是JDK 5.0注解或XML描述对象－关系表的映射关系，并将运行期的实体对象持久化到数据库中。

2.jpa常用注解的使用

注解	使用
@Id	指定的类的属性，用于识别（一个表中的主键）
@Transient	指定的属性，它是不持久的，即：该值永远不会存储在数据库中。

3.JPA是通过什么规则来根据方法名生成sql语句查询？

Spring提供了一套可以通过命名规则进行查询构建的机制，由关键字和变量名组成。

Keyword	Sample	JPQL snippet
And	findByLastnameAndFirstname	… where x.lastname = ?1 and
Or	findByLastnameOrFirstname	… where x.lastname = ?1 or x.firstname = ?2
Is,Equals	findByFirstnameIs,findByFirstnameEquals	… where x.firstname = ?1
Between	findByStartDateBetween	… where x.startDate between ?1 and ?2
LessThan	findByAgeLessThan	… where x.age < ?1
LessThanEqual	findByAgeLessThanEqual	… where x.age ⇐ ?1
GreaterThan	findByAgeGreaterThan	… where x.age > ?1
GreaterThanEqual	findByAgeGreaterThanEqual	… where x.age >= ?1
After	findByStartDateAfter	… where x.startDate > ?1
Before	findByStartDateBefore	… where x.startDate < ?1
IsNull	findByAgeIsNull	… where x.age is null
IsNotNull,NotNull	findByAge(Is)NotNull	… where x.age not null
Like	findByFirstnameLike	… where x.firstname like ?1
NotLike	findByFirstnameNotLike	… where x.firstname not like ?1
StartingWith	findByFirstnameStartingWith	… where x.firstname like ?1 (parameter bound with appended %)
EndingWith	findByFirstnameEndingWith	… where x.firstname like ?1 (parameter bound with prepended %)
Containing	findByFirstnameContaining	… where x.firstname like ?1 (parameter bound wrapped in %)
OrderBy	findByAgeOrderByLastnameDesc	… where x.age = ?1 order by x.lastname desc
Not	findByLastnameNot	… where x.lastname <> ?1
In	findByAgeIn(Collection ages)	… where x.age in ?1
NotIn	findByAgeNotIn(Collection age)	… where x.age not in ?1
TRUE	findByActiveTrue()	… where x.active = true
FALSE	findByActiveFalse()	… where x.active = false
IgnoreCase	findByFirstnameIgnoreCase	… where UPPER(x.firstame) = UPPER(?1)

4.例子

@Repository
public interface DoctorRepository extends PagingAndSortingRepository<Doctor, String> {

    Doctor findFirstByCodeStartingWithOrderByCodeDesc(String code);
    Doctor findFirstByUserId(String userId);
    @Query(value = "{'commentList.userId': ?0}")
    List<Doctor> findUserCommentList(String userId);
  
}