LINQ体验(9)——LINQ to SQL语句之Insert/Update/Delete操作
我们继续讲解LINQ to SQL语句,这篇我们来讨论Insert/Update/Delete操作。这个在我们的程序中最为常用了。我们直接看例子。
Insert/Update/Delete操作
Insert
1.简单形式
说明:new一个对象,使用InsertOnSubmit方法将其加入到对应的集合中,使用SubmitChanges()提交到数据库。
NorthwindDataContext db = new NorthwindDataContext(); var newCustomer = new Customer { CustomerID = "MCSFT", CompanyName = "Microsoft", ContactName = "John Doe", ContactTitle = "Sales Manager", Address = "1 Microsoft Way", City = "Redmond", Region = "WA", PostalCode = "98052", Country = "USA", Phone = "(425) 555-1234", Fax = null }; db.Customers.InsertOnSubmit(newCustomer); db.SubmitChanges();
2.一对多关系
说明:Category与Product是一对多的关系,提交Category(一端)的数据时,LINQ to SQL会自动将Product(多端)的数据一起提交。
var newCategory = new Category { CategoryName = "Widgets", Description = "Widgets are the ……" }; var newProduct = new Product { ProductName = "Blue Widget", UnitPrice = 34.56M, Category = newCategory }; db.Categories.InsertOnSubmit(newCategory); db.SubmitChanges();
3.多对多关系
说明:在多对多关系中,我们需要依次提交。
var newEmployee = new Employee { FirstName = "Kira", LastName = "Smith" }; var newTerritory = new Territory { TerritoryID = "12345", TerritoryDescription = "Anytown", Region = db.Regions.First() }; var newEmployeeTerritory = new EmployeeTerritory { Employee = newEmployee, Territory = newTerritory }; db.Employees.InsertOnSubmit(newEmployee); db.Territories.InsertOnSubmit(newTerritory); db.EmployeeTerritories.InsertOnSubmit(newEmployeeTerritory); db.SubmitChanges();
4.Override using Dynamic CUD
说明:CUD就是Create、Update、Delete的缩写。下面的例子就是新建一个ID(主键)为32的Region,不考虑数据库中有没有ID为32的数据,如果有则替换原来的数据,没有则插入。(不知道这样说对不对。大家指点一下)
Region nwRegion = new Region() { RegionID = 32, RegionDescription = "Rainy" }; db.Regions.InsertOnSubmit(nwRegion); db.SubmitChanges();
Update
说明:更新操作,先获取对象,进行修改操作之后,直接调用SubmitChanges()方法即可提交。注意,这里是在同一个DataContext中,对于不同的DataContex看下面的讲解。
1.简单形式
Customer cust = db.Customers.First(c => c.CustomerID == "ALFKI"); cust.ContactTitle = "Vice President"; db.SubmitChanges();
2.多个项
var q = from p in db.Products where p.CategoryID == 1 select p; foreach (var p in q) { p.UnitPrice += 1.00M; } db.SubmitChanges();
Delete
1.简单形式
说明:调用DeleteOnSubmit方法即可。
OrderDetail orderDetail =
db.OrderDetails.First
(c => c.OrderID == 10255 && c.ProductID == 36);
db.OrderDetails.DeleteOnSubmit(orderDetail);
db.SubmitChanges();
2.一对多关系
说明:Order与OrderDetail是一对多关系,首先DeleteOnSubmit其OrderDetail(多端),其次DeleteOnSubmit其Order(一端)。因为一端是主键。
var orderDetails = from o in db.OrderDetails where o.Order.CustomerID == "WARTH" && o.Order.EmployeeID == 3 select o; var order = (from o in db.Orders where o.CustomerID == "WARTH" && o.EmployeeID == 3 select o).First(); foreach (OrderDetail od in orderDetails) { db.OrderDetails.DeleteOnSubmit(od); } db.Orders.DeleteOnSubmit(order); db.SubmitChanges();
3.Inferred Delete(推断删除)
说明:Order与OrderDetail是一对多关系,在上面的例子,我们全部删除CustomerID为WARTH和EmployeeID为3 的数据,那么我们不须全部删除呢?例如Order的OrderID为10248的OrderDetail有很多,但是我们只要删除ProductID为11的OrderDetail。这时就用Remove方法。
Order order = db.Orders.First(x => x.OrderID == 10248); OrderDetail od = order.OrderDetails.First(d => d.ProductID == 11); order.OrderDetails.Remove(od); db.SubmitChanges();
Update with Attach
说明:在对于在不同的DataContext之间,使用Attach方法来更新数据。例如在一个名为tempdb的NorthwindDataContext中,查询出Customer和Order,在另一个NorthwindDataContext中,Customer的地址更新为123 First Ave,Order的CustomerID 更新为CHOPS。
Customer c1; List<Order> deserializedOrders = new List<Order>(); Customer deserializedC1; using (NorthwindDataContext tempdb = new NorthwindDataContext()) { c1 = tempdb.Customers.Single(c => c.CustomerID == "ALFKI"); deserializedC1 = new Customer { Address = c1.Address, City = c1.City, CompanyName = c1.CompanyName, ContactName = c1.ContactName, ContactTitle = c1.ContactTitle, Country = c1.Country, CustomerID = c1.CustomerID, Fax = c1.Fax, Phone = c1.Phone, PostalCode = c1.PostalCode, Region = c1.Region }; Customer tempcust = tempdb.Customers.Single(c => c.CustomerID == "ANTON"); foreach (Order o in tempcust.Orders) { deserializedOrders.Add(new Order { CustomerID = o.CustomerID, EmployeeID = o.EmployeeID, Freight = o.Freight, OrderDate = o.OrderDate, OrderID = o.OrderID, RequiredDate = o.RequiredDate, ShipAddress = o.ShipAddress, ShipCity = o.ShipCity, ShipName = o.ShipName, ShipCountry = o.ShipCountry, ShippedDate = o.ShippedDate, ShipPostalCode = o.ShipPostalCode, ShipRegion = o.ShipRegion, ShipVia = o.ShipVia }); } } using (NorthwindDataContext db2 = new NorthwindDataContext()) { //对Customer更新,不能写错 db2.Customers.Attach(deserializedC1); deserializedC1.Address = "123 First Ave"; //对Order全部更新 db2.Orders.AttachAll(deserializedOrders); foreach (Order o in deserializedOrders) { o.CustomerID = "CHOPS"; } db2.SubmitChanges(); }
Update and Delete with Attach
说明:在不同的DataContext中,实现插入、更新、删除。看下面的一个例子:
Customer cust = null; using (NorthwindDataContext tempdb = new NorthwindDataContext()) { cust = tempdb.Customers.First(x => x.CustomerID == "ALFKI"); } Order orderA = cust.Orders.First(); Order orderB = cust.Orders.First(x => x.OrderID > orderA.OrderID); using (NorthwindDataContext db2 = new NorthwindDataContext()) { db2.Customers.Attach(cust); db2.Orders.AttachAll(cust.Orders.ToList()); //更新Customer的Phone. cust.Phone = "2345 5436"; //更新OrderA的ShipCity. orderA.ShipCity = "Redmond"; //删除OrderB. cust.Orders.Remove(orderB); //添加一个新的Order到Customer中. Order orderC = new Order() { ShipCity = "New York" }; cust.Orders.Add(orderC); //提交执行 db2.SubmitChanges(); }
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