# Python 技巧

# Python 技巧
	##### Github地址：[https://github.com/vimiix/python_tricks](https://github.com/vimiix/python_tricks)
	##### Slide链接：[http://vimiix.com/python_tricks](http://vimiix.com/python_tricks)
	```
	Vimiix
	2017.12.20
	```
	---
	class: inverse
	## 多种方法来验证多条件语句
	```
	x, y, z = 0, 1, 0
	if x == 1 or y == 1 or z == 1:
	print('passed')
	if 1 in (x, y, z):
	print('passed')
	# These only test for truthiness:
	if x or y or z:
	print('passed')
	if any((x, y, z)):
	print('passed')
	```
	---
	class: inverse
	## 函数参数解包
	```
	# Function argument unpacking
	def myfunc(x, y, z):
	print(x, y, z)
	tuple_vec = (1, 0, 1)
	dict_vec = {'x': 1, 'y': 0, 'z': 1}
	myfunc(*tuple_vec)
	# 1, 0, 1
	myfunc(**dict_vec)
	# 1, 0, 1
	```
	---
	class: inverse
	## 使用timeit模块来测试函数执行效率
	```
	import timeit
	rt = timeit.timeit('"-".join(str(n) for n in range(100))',
	number=10000)
	print(rt)
	# 0.252703905106
	rt = timeit.timeit('"-".join([str(n) for n in range(100)])',
	number=10000)
	print(rt)
	# 0.234980106354
	rt = timeit.timeit('"-".join(map(str, range(100)))',
	number=10000)
	print(rt)
	# 0.152318954468
	```
	---
	class: inverse
	## 合并两个字典在不同版本中的写法
	```
	x = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
	y = {'b': 3, 'c': 4}
	# Python 3.5+
	z = {**x, **y}
	print(z)
	# {'c': 4, 'a': 1, 'b': 3}
	# Python 2.x
	z = dict(x, **y)
	print(z)
	# {'a': 1, 'c': 4, 'b': 3}
	```
	---
	class: inverse
	## 巧用json模块更舒服的打印字典
	```
	# 标准打印出来，对于阅读不是很友好
	my_mapping = {'a': 23, 'b': 42, 'c': 0xc0ffee}
	print(my_mapping)
	# {'b': 42, 'c': 12648430. 'a': 23} # đŸ˜ž
	# 使用json可以更好的展示
	import json
	print(json.dumps(my_mapping, indent=4, sort_keys=True))
	# {
	# "a": 23,
	# "b": 42,
	# "c": 12648430
	# }
	```
	---
	class: inverse
	## 通过字典的值(value)排序输出
	```
	# How to sort a Python dict by value
	xs = {'a': 4, 'b': 3, 'c': 2, 'd': 1}
	print(sorted(xs.items(), key=lambda x: x[1]))
	# [('d', 1), ('c', 2), ('b', 3), ('a', 4)]
	# Or:
	import operator
	print(sorted(xs.items(), key=operator.itemgetter(1)))
	# [('d', 1), ('c', 2), ('b', 3), ('a', 4)]
	```
	---
	class: inverse
	## 字典的get用法和默认值
	```
	name_for_userid = {
	382: "Alice",
	590: "Bob",
	951: "Dilbert",
	}
	def greeting(userid):
	return "Hi %s!" % name_for_userid.get(userid, "there")
	print(greeting(382))
	# "Hi Alice!"
	print(greeting(2333333))
	# "Hi there!"
	```
	---
	class: inverse
	## 用namedtuple来代替简单的类
	```
	from collections import namedtuple
	Car = namedtuple('Car', 'color mileage')
	# 实例化一个Car,并像类一样使用
	my_car = Car('red', 3812.4)
	print(my_car.color)
	# 'red'
	print(my_car.mileage)
	# 3812.4
	print(my_car)
	# Car(color='red' , mileage=3812.4)
	# 就像元组一样，namedtuple也不可更改:
	my_car.color = 'blue'
	# AttributeError: "can't set attribute"
	```
	---
	class: center, middle, inverse
	## 持续更新中...
	---
	class: middle, inverse
	## 联系方式
	###
	- Website: http://vimiix.com
	- Twitter: http://twitter.com/_vimiix
	- GitHub: http://github.com/vimiix
	- Email: [i@vimiix.com](mailto:i@vimiix.com)