日撸Java三百行 day28(Huffman编码-节点的定义与文件读取)

1.Huffman编码

1.1 简单介绍

Huffman树又名最优树，是带权路径长度最短的树。最早接触Huffman树是在计算最短带权路径长度的时候，后来Huffman树又可以用于来构造最短前缀码，即Huffman编码。

1.2 Huffman节点的定义

1.2.1 Huffman树的节点定义

每个节点的内容包括: 字符 (仅对叶节点有效)、权重 (用的整数, 该字符的个数)、指向子节点父节点的引用。

char character;

int weight;

HuffmanNode leftChild;
HuffmanNode rightChild;
HuffmanNode parent;

public HuffmanNode(char paraCharacter, int paraWeight, HuffmanNode paraLeftChild,         
        HuffmanNode paraRightChild,HuffmanNode paraParent) {
	character = paraCharacter;
	weight = paraWeight;
	leftChild = paraLeftChild;
	rightChild = paraRightChild;
	parent = paraParent;
}// Of HuffmanNode

1.2.2 Huffman编码准备

inputText 用于读入字符串文件，并用alphabet 来存储读入的字符串中出现的字母，charCounts记录记录对应字符出现次数，charMapping用于记录字符在树中的位置，huffmanCodes 记录信息元对应的编码，nodes数组用于存所有的节点。

public static final int NUM_CHARS = 256;

String inputText;
int alphabetLength;

char[] alphabet;
int[] charCounts;
int[] charMapping;
String[] huffmanCodes;
HuffmanNode[] nodes;

public Huffman(String paraFilename) {
	charMapping = new int[NUM_CHARS];

	readText(paraFilename);
}// Of the first constructor

1.3 文件读取

• try-catch：try中代码正常运行则直接继续后续运行，不执行catch中代码；若try中代码出错则跳过剩下的代码转而执行catch中的代码。
• Files.newBufferedReader：利用通用缓存读取文本流。
• Collect：收集流中的元素。

public void readText(String paraFilename) {
		try {
			inputText = Files.newBufferedReader(Paths.get(paraFilename), StandardCharsets.UTF_8).lines()
					.collect(Collectors.joining("\n"));
		} catch (Exception ee) {
			System.out.println(ee);
			System.exit(0);
		} // Of try

2. 总代码

package datastructure.tree;

import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

/**
 * Huffman tree, encoding , and decoding. For simplicity, only ASCII characters
 * are supported.
 * 
 * @author Yunhua Hu yunhuahu0528@163.com.
 */

public class Huffman {

	/**
	 * An inner class for Huffman nodes.
	 */
	class HuffmanNode {

		/**
		 * The char. Only valid for leaf nodes.
		 */
		char character;

		/**
		 * weight. It can also be double.
		 */
		int weight;

		/**
		 * The left child.
		 */
		HuffmanNode leftChild;

		/**
		 * The right child.
		 */
		HuffmanNode rightChild;

		/**
		 * The parent. It helps constructing the Huffman code if each character.
		 */
		HuffmanNode parent;

		/**
		 *********************
		 * The first constructor.
		 *********************
		 */
		public HuffmanNode(char paraCharacter, int paraWeight, HuffmanNode paraLeftChild,         
                HuffmanNode paraRightChild,HuffmanNode paraParent) {
			character = paraCharacter;
			weight = paraWeight;
			leftChild = paraLeftChild;
			rightChild = paraRightChild;
			parent = paraParent;
		}// Of HuffmanNode

		/**
		 *********************
		 * To string.
		 *********************
		 */
		public String tostring() {
			String resultString = "(" + character + ", " + weight + ")";

			return resultString;
		}// Of tostring

	}// Of class HuffmanNode

	/**
	 * The number of characters. 256 for ASCII.
	 */
	public static final int NUM_CHARS = 256;

	/**
	 * The input text. It is stored in a string for simplicity.
	 */
	String inputText;

	/**
	 * The length of the alphabet, also the number of leaves.
	 */
	int alphabetLength;

	/**
	 * The alphabet.
	 */
	char[] alphabet;

	/**
	 * The count of chars. The length is 2 * alphabetLength - 1 to include non-leaf
	 * nodes.
	 */
	int[] charCounts;

	/**
	 * The mapping of chars to the indices in the alphabet.
	 */
	int[] charMapping;

	/**
	 * Codes for each char in the alphabet. It should have the same length as
	 * alphabet.
	 */
	String[] huffmanCodes;

	/**
	 * All nodes. The last node is the root.
	 */
	HuffmanNode[] nodes;

	/**
	 *********************
	 * The first constructor.
	 * 
	 * @param paraFilename
	 *            The text filename.
	 *********************
	 */
	public Huffman(String paraFilename) {
		charMapping = new int[NUM_CHARS];

		readText(paraFilename);
	}// Of the first constructor

	/**
	 *********************
	 * Read text.
	 * 
	 * @param paraFilename
	 *            The text filename.
	 *********************
	 */
	public void readText(String paraFilename) {
		try {
			inputText = Files.newBufferedReader(Paths.get(paraFilename), StandardCharsets.UTF_8).lines()
					.collect(Collectors.joining("\n"));
		} catch (Exception ee) {
			System.out.println(ee);
			System.exit(0);
		} // Of try

		System.out.println("The text is:\r\n" + inputText);
	}// Of readText

	public static void main(String args[]) {
		Huffman tempHuffman = new Huffman("E:/postgraduate/csdn/temp/huffmantext-small.txt");
	}// Of main

}// Of class Huffman

输出:

问题：那个文件导入这行代码去深究，看的是真的迷，那里就大概讲了下它们在这里是用来干啥的。