安装oracle后，远程连接报ORA-12547

一、错误代码：ORA-12547
症状：
（1）oracle监听和服务启动一切正常，未报任何错误
（2）查看日志未报任何异常信息
（3）服务器本机命令方式可以连接oracle，可以执行查询命令
（4）客服机无法连接，报错ORA-12547

解决方案，需要修改三个文件：
(1)修改/etc/hosts,如下：

127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
::1 localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6
192.168.1.168 your_hostname.com your_hostname

(2)listener.ora (注意：需要修改为如下内容，不然会报错：ORA-12514)

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = ORCL)
(ORACLE_HOME = /opt/oracle/product/10g)
(SID_NAME = ORCL)
)
(SID_DESC =
(PROGRAM = extproc)
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /opt/oracle/product/10g)
)
)

LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = your_hostname.com)(PORT = 1521))
)
)


(3)tnsnames.ora
ORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = your_hostname.com)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = ORCL)
)
)

EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SID = PLSExtProc)
(PRESENTATION = RO)
)
)


二、错误代码：ORA-01034 ORA-27101

需要检查以下三个地方
（1）环境变量oracle_sid与监听器里面设置的是否一致
（2）环境编辑oracle_home与监听器里面设置的是否一致
（3）内存和磁盘空间是否足够（例如可能是oracle所在分区的磁盘空间已经不足）


其它：如果以上全部正常，重启oracle依然无法解决问题，

就需要注意启动oracle采用以下方式：sqlplus '/ as sysdba'

而不是 (1)sqlplus /nolog (2)connect /as sysdba

关闭oracle的时候尽量不要使用shutdown abort;最好采用shutdown immediate;