Base64编码算法

Base64是MIME邮件中常用的编码方式之一。它的主要思想是将输入的字符串或数据编码成只含有{‘A‘-‘Z‘, ‘a‘-‘z‘, ‘0‘-‘9‘, ‘+‘, ‘/‘}这64个可打印字符的串，故称为“Base64”。 Base64编码的方法是，将输入数据流每次取6 bit，用此6 bit的值(0-63)作为索引去查表，输出相应字符。这样，每3个字节将编码为4个字符(3×8 → 4×6)；不满4个字符的以‘=‘填充。

编码过程是这样的,第一个字符通过右移2位获得第一个目标字符的base64表位置,根据这个数值取到表上相应的字符,就是第一个目标字符,然后将第一个字符左移6位加上第二个字符右移4位,即获得第二个目标字符,再将第二个字符左移4位加上第三个字符右移6位,获得第三个目标字符,最后取第三个字符的右6位即获得第四个目标字符.

编码解码函数:

＃i nclude <stdio.h>
＃i nclude <stdlib.h>
＃i nclude <string.h>

unsigned char * base64="ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/=";



unsigned char * encode(unsigned char *src,int srclen)
{
int n,buflen,i,j;
unsigned char *buf;
static unsigned char *dst;

buf=src;
buflen=n=srclen;
dst=(unsigned char*)malloc(buflen/3*4+3);
memset(dst,0,buflen/3*4+3);
for(i=0,j=0;i<buflen;i+=3,j+=4) {
dst[j]=(buf[i]&0xFC)>>2;
dst[j+1]=((buf[i]&0x03)<<4) + ((buf[i+1]&0xF0)>>4);
dst[j+2]=((buf[i+1]&0x0F)<<2) + ((buf[i+2]&0xC0)>>6);
dst[j+3]=buf[i+2]&0x3F;
}
if(n%3==1) {
j-=4,i-=3;
dst[j]=(buf[i]&0xFC)>>2;
dst[j+1]=((buf[i]&0x03)<<4);
dst[j+2]=64;
dst[j+3]=64;
j+=4;
}
else if(n%3==2) {
j-=4,i-=3;
dst[j]=(buf[i]&0xFC)>>2;
dst[j+1]=((buf[i]&0x03)<<4) + ((buf[i+1]&0xF0)>>4);
dst[j+2]=((buf[i+1]&0x0F)<<2);
dst[j+3]=64;
j+=4;
}
for(i=0;i<j;i++) /* map 6 bit value to base64 ASCII character */
dst[i]=base64[dst[i]];
dst[j]=0;
return dst;
}

unsigned char *decode(unsigned char *src,int * len)
{
int n,i,j,pad;
unsigned char *p;
static unsigned char *dst;
*len=0;
pad=0;
n=strlen(src);
while(n>0&&src[n-1]=='=') {
src[n-1]=0;
pad++;
n--;
}
for(i=0;i<n;i++) { /* map base64 ASCII character to 6 bit value */
p=strchr(base64,src[i]);
if(!p)
break;
src[i]=p-base64;
}

dst=malloc(n*3/4+1);
memset(dst,0,n*3/4+1);
for(i=0,j=0;i<n;i+=4,j+=3) {
dst[j]=(src[i]<<2) + ((src[i+1]&0x30)>>4);
dst[j+1]=((src[i+1]&0x0F)<<4) + ((src[i+2]&0x3C)>>2);
dst[j+2]=((src[i+2]&0x03)<<6) + src[i+3];
*len+=3;
}
*len-=pad;
return dst;
}



#define BUF_SIZE 57
#define LINE_SIZE 80



int main(int argc,char * argv[])
{
FILE * fp,*fpo;
unsigned char * cdc;
unsigned char buf[BUF_SIZE];
unsigned char line[LINE_SIZE];
char * nl,*eol;
int r;
if(argc<3) {
fprintf(stderr,"Uasge: base64 [de] filename/n");
return -1;
}



if(argv[1][0]=='e') { /*encode*/
fp=fopen(argv[2],"rb");
if(fp==NULL) {
fprintf(stderr,"Can not open file %s/n",argv[2]);
return -1;
}
while((r=fread(buf,sizeof(unsigned char),BUF_SIZE,fp))>0) {
cdc=encode(buf,r);
fprintf(stdout,"%s/n",cdc);
}
fclose(fp);
}
else if(argv[1][0]=='d') { /*decode*/
if(argc<4) {
fprintf(stderr,"Uasge: base64 d filename outname/n");
return -1;
}
fp=fopen(argv[2],"r");
fpo=fopen(argv[3],"wb");
if(fp==NULL) {
fprintf(stderr,"Can not open file %s/n",argv[2]);
return -1;
}
while(fgets(line,LINE_SIZE,fp)) {
nl=strchr(line,'/n');
eol=strchr(line,'/r');
if(nl)
*nl=0;
if(eol)
*eol=0;
r=strlen(line);
if(r!=0) {
cdc=decode(line,&r);
fwrite(cdc,1,r,fpo);
}
}
fclose(fp);
}
else {
fprintf(stderr,"Uasge: base64 [de] filename/n");
return -1;
}

return 0;
}