陈琦戈弋颜余真. GRE/GMAT/LSAT长难句300例精讲精练

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Unit 4
3、However,recent investigations¹ have shown that the concentrations² of most mRNA’s correlate best,not with their synthesis³ rate ,but rather with the equally variable rates at which cells degrade the different mRNA’s in the cytoplasm⁴.

However, recent investigations have shown 1{ that the concentrations 2[ of most mRNA’ s] correlate best, 3{ not with their synthesis rate, but rather with the equally variable rates 4[ at which cells degrade the different mRNA’ s 5[ in their cytoplasm]]}}.

但是，最近的调查已经表明，大多数 mRNA 的浓度并不是与其合成速率最相关，而是与细胞在其细胞质中降解不同的 mRNA 的速率最为相关，降解速率与合成速率一样是易变的。

4、In recent studies,however,we have discovered that the production and release in brain neurons of the neurotransmitter⁵ serotonin⁶ (neurotransmitters are compounds that neurons use to transmit signals to other cells )depend directly on the food that body processes.

In recent studies, however, we have discovered 1{ that the production and release 2[ in brain neurons] 3[ of the neurotransmitter serotonin] (neurotransmitters are compounds 4[ that neurons use to transmit signals to other cells]) depend directly on the food 5[ that the body processes]}.

但是，在最近的研究中我们发现，在大脑神经元中的对神经传递物质血清素（神经传递物质是神经元用来把信号传递给其他细胞的化合物）的产生与释放直接取决于身体所加工的食物。

5、This revisionist⁷ view of Jim Crow legislation grew in part from the research that Woodward had done for the NAACP legal campaign during its preparation for Brown v. Board of Education.

This revisionist view 1[ of Jim Crow legislation] grew in part from the research 2[ that Woodward had done 3[ for the NAACP legal campaign] 4{ during its preparation 5[ for Brown v. Board of Education]}].

介词结构倒装。 of Jim Crow legislation 修饰 revisionist view。
定语从句。 that 引导的定语从句修饰 the research。
介词结构倒装。 for the NAACP legal campaign 修饰 research。
长句。 during 引导的时间状语。
介词结构倒装。 for Brown v. Board of Education 修饰 preparation。

这种对黑人的立法做出修正的观点部分来源于 Jim Crow 为全国有色人种协进会（ NAACP）的法律运动所做的研究，当时 NAACP 正在为布朗诉讼教育委员会案做准备。

6、These techniques have strongly suggested that although the true bacteria indeed form a large coherent group,certain other bacterial,the archaebacteria⁸ ,which are also prokaryotes⁹ and which resemble true bacteria,represent a distinct evolutionary branch that far antedates the common ancestor of all true bacteria.

These techniques have strongly suggested 1{ that 2{ although the true bacteria indeed form a large coherent group}, certain other bacteria, the archaebacteria, 3[ which are also prokaryotes and which resemble true bacteria], represent a distinct evolutionary branch 4[ that far antedates the common ancestor 5[ of all true bacteria]]}.

这些技术强烈地暗示，虽然真细菌确实形成了一个大型的、一致的种群，但是一些其他的细菌，也就是那些属于原核生物同时也很像真细菌的古细菌，代表着一个独特的进化分支，这个分支远远地早于所有真细菌的共同祖先。

7、 The old belief that climatic stability accounts for the high level of species diversity in the Amazon River basin of South America emerged¹⁰,strangely enough,from observations of the deep sea.

The old belief 1[ that climatic stability accounts for the high level] 2[ of species diversity] 3[ in the Amazon River basin] 4[ of South America] emerged, strangely enough, from observations 5[ of the deep sea].

同位语从句。 that 引导的同位语从句进一步解释 belief。
介词结构倒装。 of species diversity 修饰 level。
介词结构倒装。 in the Amazon River basin 修饰 species diversity。
介词结构倒装。 of South America 修饰 basin。
介词结构倒装。 of the deep sea 修饰 observations。

旧观点认为，气候的稳定性可以解释南美洲亚马孙河流地区盆地的物种多样性的高水平。但奇怪的是，这个观点竟然源于对深海的观测。

8、Those who took the inconvenient¹¹ historical fats into consideration did so only in order to refute the widely held deterministic¹² view that the content and style of an artist’s work were absolutely dictated by heredity and environment.

Those 1[ who took the inconvenient historical facts into consideration] did so only 2{ in order to refute the widely held deterministic view 3[ that the content and style 4[ of an artist’ s work] were absolutely dictated 5[ by heredity and environment]]}.

定语从句。 who 引导的定语从句修饰 those。
长句。 in order to 引导的目的状语。
同位语从句。 that 引导的同位语从句进一步解释 view。
介词结构倒装。 of an artist’ s work 修饰 content and style。
介词结构倒装。 by heredity and environment 修饰 dictated。

那些考虑到了令人为难的历史事实的人之所以这么做，只是为了反驳得到了大多数人认可的宿命论的观点。宿命论认为艺术家的作品内涵与风格完全是由自然遗传和人为环境决定的。

9、 For Landes and Badinter, the necessity of women’ s having to speak in the established vocabularies of certain intellectual and political tradition diminished the ability of the women’ s movement to resist suppression.

"你不要心里急躁恼怒,因为恼怒存在愚昧人的怀中"
"不轻易发怒的，胜过勇士； 制服己心得，强如取城"
"好生气的人，不可与其结交。暴怒的人，不可与其来往"
"愤怒是因为对方戳到了你的脆肉的盲区 或者感到了压力，此时，要静下来思考问题的本质，而非无理方式获得尊严，往往适得其反"

"Where there is anger, there is always pain underneath." --Eckhart Tolle
"愤怒之后，必有苦痛。"--埃克哈特·托利

When pride comes,then comes disgrace.
骄傲来，羞耻也来。
Affection is when you see someone's strength, love is when you accept someone's flaws. 
爱恋是只看到对方的好，而爱情是连对方的缺陷都包容。

The lack of a silver spoon had set you on a certain path, but you needn't stay on it.
未能含着金汤勺出生是限制了你的发展，但你可以主动改变这一切。

n. 调查（investigation的复数） ↩︎
n. 关注点；[土壤] 浓聚物（concentration的复数）;浓度 ↩︎
n. 综合，[化学] 合成；综合体 ↩︎
n. [细胞] 细胞质 ↩︎
n. [生理] 神经递质；[生理] 神经传递素 ↩︎
n. [生化] 血清素；5-羟色胺（血管收缩素） ↩︎
n. 修正主义者,adj. 修正主义的,持修正主义论的 ↩︎
n.原始细菌（一种不同于细菌和动植物细胞且要求完全厌氧条件并能产生甲烷的微生物）;Bacteria are divided into eubacteria and archaebacteria.细菌分为真细菌和古细菌两类。 ↩︎
n.原核细胞; 原核; 原核生物; 原核细胞型微生物 ↩︎
v.出现( emerge的过去式和过去分词 );露头;形成;事实 ↩︎
adj. /ˌɪnkənˈviːniənt/ causing trouble or problems, especially concerning what you need or would like yourself 不方便的；引起麻烦的；造成困难的 ↩︎
adj. 确定性的；命运注定论的 ↩︎