原文:http://zwdsmileface.iteye.com/blog/2192709
JSP全称是Java Server Pages,它和servle技术一样,都是SUN公司定义的一种用于开发动态web资源的技术。
JSP这门技术的最大的特点在于,写jsp就像在写html,但它相比html而言,html只能为用户提供静态数据,而Jsp技术允许在页面中嵌套java代码,为用户提供动态数据。
JSP原理
Web服务器是如何调用并执行一个jsp页面的?
浏览器向服务器发请求,不管访问的是什么资源,其实都是在访问Servlet,所以当访问一个jsp页面时,其实也是在访问一个Servlet,服务器在执行jsp的时候,首先把jsp翻译成一个Servlet,所以我们访问jsp时,其实不是在访问jsp,而是在访问jsp翻译过后的那个Servlet,例如下面的代码:
index.jsp
- <%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
- <%
- String path = request.getContextPath();
- String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
- %>
- <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
- <html>
- <head>
- <base href="<%=basePath%>">
- <title>First Jsp</title>
- </head>
- <body>
- <%
- out.print("Hello Jsp");
- %>
- </body>
- </html>
当我们通过浏览器访问index.jsp时,服务器首先将index.jsp翻译成一个index_jsp.class,在Tomcat服务器的 work\Catalina\localhost\项目名\org\apache\jsp目录下可以看到index_jsp.class的源代码文件 index_jsp.java
index_jsp.java的代码如下:
- package org.apache.jsp;
- import javax.servlet.*;
- import javax.servlet.http.*;
- import javax.servlet.jsp.*;
- import java.util.*;
- public final class index_jsp extends org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase
- implements org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceDependent {
- private static final JspFactory _jspxFactory = JspFactory.getDefaultFactory();
- private static java.util.List _jspx_dependants;
- private javax.el.ExpressionFactory _el_expressionfactory;
- private org.apache.AnnotationProcessor _jsp_annotationprocessor;
- public Object getDependants() {
- return _jspx_dependants;
- }
- public void _jspInit() {
- _el_expressionfactory = _jspxFactory.getJspApplicationContext(getServletConfig().getServletContext()).getExpressionFactory();
- _jsp_annotationprocessor = (org.apache.AnnotationProcessor) getServletConfig().getServletContext().getAttribute(org.apache.AnnotationProcessor.class.getName());
- }
- public void _jspDestroy() {
- }
- public void _jspService(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
- throws java.io.IOException, ServletException {
- PageContext pageContext = null;
- HttpSession session = null;
- ServletContext application = null;
- ServletConfig config = null;
- JspWriter out = null;
- Object page = this;
- JspWriter _jspx_out = null;
- PageContext _jspx_page_context = null;
- try {
- response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
- pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response,
- null, true, 8192, true);
- _jspx_page_context = pageContext;
- application = pageContext.getServletContext();
- config = pageContext.getServletConfig();
- session = pageContext.getSession();
- out = pageContext.getOut();
- _jspx_out = out;
- out.write('\r');
- out.write('\n');
- String path = request.getContextPath();
- String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
- out.write("\r\n");
- out.write("\r\n");
- out.write("<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\">\r\n");
- out.write("<html>\r\n");
- out.write(" <head>\r\n");
- out.write(" <base href=\"");
- out.print(basePath);
- out.write("\">\r\n");
- out.write(" \r\n");
- out.write(" <title>First Jsp</title>\r\n");
- out.write("\t\r\n");
- out.write(" </head>\r\n");
- out.write(" \r\n");
- out.write(" <body>\r\n");
- out.write(" ");
- out.print("Hello Jsp");
- out.write("\r\n");
- out.write(" </body>\r\n");
- out.write("</html>\r\n");
- } catch (Throwable t) {
- if (!(t instanceof SkipPageException)){
- out = _jspx_out;
- if (out != null && out.getBufferSize() != 0)
- try { out.clearBuffer(); } catch (java.io.IOException e) {}
- if (_jspx_page_context != null) _jspx_page_context.handlePageException(t);
- }
- } finally {
- _jspxFactory.releasePageContext(_jspx_page_context);
- }
- }
- }
我们可以看到,index_jsp这个类是继承 org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase这个类的,通过查看Tomcat服务器的源代码,可以知道在 apache-tomcat-6.0.20-src\java\org\apache\jasper\runtime目录下存HttpJspBase这个类的源代码文件
我们可以看看HttpJsBase这个类的源代码,如下所示:
- /*
- * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
- * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
- * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
- * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
- * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
- * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
- package org.apache.jasper.runtime;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
- import javax.servlet.ServletException;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
- import javax.servlet.jsp.HttpJspPage;
- import javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory;
- import org.apache.jasper.compiler.Localizer;
- /**
- * This is the super class of all JSP-generated servlets.
- *
- * @author Anil K. Vijendran
- */
- public abstract class HttpJspBase
- extends HttpServlet
- implements HttpJspPage
- {
- protected HttpJspBase() {
- }
- public final void init(ServletConfig config)
- throws ServletException n
- {
- super.init(config);
- jspInit();
- _jspInit();
- }
- public String getServletInfo() {
- return Localizer.getMessage("jsp.engine.info");
- }
- public final void destroy() {
- jspDestroy();
- _jspDestroy();
- }
- /**
- * Entry point into service.
- */
- public final void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
- throws ServletException, IOException
- {
- _jspService(request, response);
- }
- public void jspInit() {
- }
- public void _jspInit() {
- }
- public void jspDestroy() {
- }
- protected void _jspDestroy() {
- }
- public abstract void _jspService(HttpServletRequest request,
- HttpServletResponse response)
- throws ServletException, IOException;
- }
HttpJspBase类是继承HttpServlet的,所以HttpJspBase类是一个Servlet,而index_jsp又是继承HttpJspBase类的,所以index_jsp类也是一个Servlet,所以当浏览器访问服务器上的index.jsp页面时,其实就是在访问index_jsp这个Servlet,index_jsp这个Servlet使用_jspService这个方法处理请求。
Jsp页面中的html排版标签是如何被发送到客户端的?
浏览器接收到的这些数据
- <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
- <html>
- <head>
- <base href="http://localhost:8080/JavaWeb_Jsp_Study_20140603/">
- <title>First Jsp</title>
- </head>
- <body>
- Hello Jsp
- </body>
- </html>
都是在_jspService方法中使用如下的代码输出给浏览器的:
- out.write('\r');
- out.write('\n');
- String path = request.getContextPath();
- String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
- out.write("\r\n");
- out.write("\r\n");
- out.write("<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\">\r\n");
- out.write("<html>\r\n");
- out.write(" <head>\r\n");
- out.write(" <base href=\"");
- out.print(basePath);
- out.write("\">\r\n");
- out.write(" \r\n");
- out.write(" <title>First Jsp</title>\r\n");
- out.write("\t\r\n");
- out.write(" </head>\r\n");
- out.write(" \r\n");
- out.write(" <body>\r\n");
- out.write(" ");
- out.print("Hello Jsp");
- out.write("\r\n");
- out.write(" </body>\r\n");
- out.write("</html>\r\n");
在jsp中编写的java代码和html代码都会被翻译到_jspService方法中去,在jsp中编写的java代码会原封不动地翻译成java代码,如<%out.print("Hello Jsp");%>直接翻译成out.print("Hello Jsp");,而HTML代码则会翻译成使用out.write("<html标签>\r\n");的形式输出到浏览器。在jsp页面中编写的html排版标签都是以out.write("<html标签>\r\n");的形式输出到浏览器,浏览器拿到html代码后才能够解析执行html代码。
Jsp页面中的java代码服务器是如何执行的?
在jsp中编写的java代码会被翻译到_jspService方法中去,当执行_jspService方法处理请求时,就会执行在jsp编写的java代码了,所以Jsp页面中的java代码服务器是通过调用_jspService方法处理请求时执行的。
Web服务器在调用jsp时,会给jsp提供一些什么java对象?、
查看_jspService方法可以看到,Web服务器在调用jsp时,会给Jsp提供如下的8个java对象
- PageContext pageContext;
- HttpSession session;
- ServletContext application;
- ServletConfig config;
- JspWriter out;
- Object page = this;
- HttpServletRequest request,
- HttpServletResponse response
其中page对象,request和response已经完成了实例化,而其它5个没有实例化的对象通过下面的方式实例化
- pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response,null, true, 8192, true);
- application = pageContext.getServletContext();
- config = pageContext.getServletConfig();
- session = pageContext.getSession();
- out = pageContext.getOut();
这8个java对象在Jsp页面中是可以直接使用的,如下所示:
- <%
- session.setAttribute("name", "session对象");//使用session对象,设置session对象的属性
- out.print(session.getAttribute("name")+"<br/>");//获取session对象的属性
- pageContext.setAttribute("name", "pageContext对象");//使用pageContext对象,设置pageContext对象的属性
- out.print(pageContext.getAttribute("name")+"<br/>");//获取pageContext对象的属性
- application.setAttribute("name", "application对象");//使用application对象,设置application对象的属性
- out.print(application.getAttribute("name")+"<br/>");//获取application对象的属性
- out.print("Hello Jsp"+"<br/>");//使用out对象
- out.print("服务器调用index.jsp页面时翻译成的类的名字是:"+page.getClass()+"<br/>");//使用page对象
- out.print("处理请求的Servlet的名字是:"+config.getServletName()+"<br/>");//使用config对象
- out.print(response.getContentType()+"<br/>");//使用response对象
- out.print(request.getContextPath()+"<br/>");//使用request对象
- %>
Tomcat服务器的执行流程
第一次执行:
客户端通过电脑连接服务器,因为是请求是动态的,所以所有的请求交给WEB容器来处理
在容器中找到需要执行的*.jsp文件
之后*.jsp文件通过转换变为*.java文件
*.java文件经过编译后,形成*.class文件
最终服务器要执行形成的*.class文件
第二次执行:
因为已经存在了*.class文件,所以不在需要转换和编译的过程
修改后执行:
1.源文件已经被修改过了,所以需要重新转换,重新编译。