Java枚举类

Java枚举类

定义枚举类

• 枚举类的使用：

  • 定义：类的对象只有有限个，确定的，称此类为枚举类
  • 当需要定义一组常量时，使用枚举类会很方便
  • 如果枚举类中只有一个对象，则可以作为单例模式的实现方式

• 定义枚举类

  • 方式一：jdk5.0之前，自定义枚举类

  package www.bh.c.enumtest;
  
  public class Test1 {
      public static void main(String[] args) {
          Season spring = Season.SPRING;
          System.out.println(spring.seasonName);//春天
          System.out.println(spring.getSeasonName());//春天
      }
  
      static class Season {
          //1.声明对象的属性：private final修饰
          private final String seasonName;
          private final String seasonDesc;
          //2.创建私有的构造器，并给对象属性赋值
          private Season(String seasonName,String seasonDesc) {
              this.seasonName=seasonName;
              this.seasonDesc=seasonDesc;
          }
          //提供当前枚举类的多个对象：public static final的
          public static final Season SPRING=new Season("春天","春暖花开");
          public static final Season SUMMER=new Season("夏天","啤酒西瓜");
          public static final Season AUTUMN=new Season("秋天","收获满满");
          public static final Season WINTER=new Season("冬天","火锅烧烤");
          //其他，获取枚举类对象的属性
          public String getSeasonName() {
              return seasonName;
          }
          public String getSeasonDesc() {
              return seasonDesc;
          }
      }
  }
  

  • 方式二：jdk5.0，使用enum关键字定义枚举类

使用关键字enum定义枚举类

package www.bh.c.enumtest;

public class Test2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Season summer=Season.SUMMER;
        System.out.println(summer.seasonName);//夏天
        System.out.println(summer.seasonDesc);//夏日炎炎
    }

    enum Season{
        //1.提供当前枚举类的对象，对象之间用","隔开，末尾对象";"结束
        SPRING("春天","春暖花开"),
        SUMMER("夏天","夏日炎炎"),
        AUTUMN("秋天","秋风阵阵"),
        WINTER("冬天","冬暖夏凉");
        //2.声明对象的属性：private final修饰
        private final String seasonName;
        private final String seasonDesc;
        //3.创建私有的构造器，并给对象属性赋值
        Season(String seasonName, String seasonDesc) {
            this.seasonName = seasonName;
            this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
        }
        //其他，获取枚举类对象的属性
        public String getSeasonName() {
            return seasonName;
        }
        public String getSeasonDesc() {
            return seasonDesc;
        }
    }
}

Enum类的主要方法

• value()方法：返回枚举类型的对象数组，方便遍历所有的枚举值

package www.bh.c.enumtest;
import com.sun.jdi.Value;

public class Test2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Season[] seasons=Season.values();
        for (int i=0;i<seasons.length;i++){
        System.out.println(seasons[i]);//SPRING,SUMMER,AUTUMN,WINTER
        }
    }

• valueOf(String str)：可以把一个字符串转为对应的枚举类对象。要求字符串必须是枚举类对象的’“名字”

package www.bh.c.enumtest;
import com.sun.jdi.Value;

public class Test2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Season spring=Season.valueOf("SPRING");
        System.out.println(spring);//SPRING
    }
}

• toString()：返回当前枚举类对象常量的名称

package www.bh.c.enumtest;

public class Test2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Season summer=Season.SUMMER;
        System.out.println(summer.toString());//SUMMER
    }