转载:http://blog.51yip.com/mysql/972.html
一,为什么要开启这个查询呢?
数据库是很容易产生瓶颈的地方,现在Nosql大家讨论这么热,估计都被数据库搞郁闷了。MySQL中最影响速度的就是那些查询非常慢的语句,这些慢的语句,可能是写的不够合理或者是大数据下多表的联合查询等等,所以我们要找出这些语句,分析原因,加以优化。这也是发这篇博文的原因
二,开启mysql的慢查询
方法1,用命令开启慢查询
- mysql> show variables like "%long%"; //查看一下默认为慢查询的时间10秒
- +-----------------+-----------+
- | Variable_name | Value |
- +-----------------+-----------+
- | long_query_time | 10.000000 |
- +-----------------+-----------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> set global long_query_time=2; //设置成2秒,加上global,下次进mysql已然生效
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- mysql> show variables like "%slow%"; //查看一下慢查询是不是已经开启
- +---------------------+---------------------------------+
- | Variable_name | Value |
- +---------------------+---------------------------------+
- | log_slow_queries | OFF |
- | slow_launch_time | 2 |
- | slow_query_log | OFF |
- | slow_query_log_file | /usr/local/mysql/mysql-slow.log |
- +---------------------+---------------------------------+
- 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> set slow_query_log='ON'; //加上global,不然会报错的。
- ERROR 1229 (HY000): Variable 'slow_query_log' is a GLOBAL variable and should be set with SET GLOBAL
- mysql> set global slow_query_log='ON'; //启用慢查询
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.28 sec)
- mysql> show variables like "%slow%"; //查看是否已经开启
- +---------------------+---------------------------------+
- | Variable_name | Value |
- +---------------------+---------------------------------+
- | log_slow_queries | ON |
- | slow_launch_time | 2 |
- | slow_query_log | ON |
- | slow_query_log_file | /usr/local/mysql/mysql-slow.log |
- +---------------------+---------------------------------+
- 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
方法2,修改mysql的配置文件my.cnf
在[mysqld]里面加上以下内容
- long_query_time = 2
- log-slow-queries = /usr/local/mysql/mysql-slow.log
重起一下
/usr/local/mysql/libexec/mysqld restart
三,分析工具
分析工具干什么事的呢,其实就是把mysql-slow.log里面记录下来的数据,分析一下显示出来。其实自己写一个shell脚本也是可以把要的信息取出来的。我们来看一下mysql-slow.log里面到底是什么东西
- [root@BlackGhost mysql]# cat mysql-slow.log //查看命令
- /usr/local/mysql/libexec/mysqld, Version: 5.1.26-rc-log (Source distribution). started with:
- Tcp port: 3306 Unix socket: /tmp/mysql.sock
- Time Id Command Argument
- # Time: 100814 13:28:30
- # User@Host: root[root] @ localhost []
- # Query_time: 10.096500 Lock_time: 0.045791 Rows_sent: 1 Rows_examined: 2374192
- SET timestamp=1281763710;
- select count(distinct ad_code) as x from ad_visit_history where ad_code in (select ad_code from ad_list where media_id=15);
- # Time: 100814 13:37:02
- # User@Host: root[root] @ localhost []
- # Query_time: 10.394134 Lock_time: 0.000091 Rows_sent: 1 Rows_examined: 2374192
- SET timestamp=1281764222;
- select count(distinct ad_code) as x from ad_visit_history where ad_code in (select ad_code from ad_list where media_id=15);
- # Time: 100814 13:37:16
- # User@Host: root[root] @ localhost []
- # Query_time: 4.608920 Lock_time: 0.000078 Rows_sent: 1 Rows_examined: 1260544
- SET timestamp=1281764236;
- select count(*) as cou from ad_visit_history where ad_code in (select ad_code from ad_list where id=41) order by id desc;
看到了,就是记录一下sql语句的执行情况,包括执行时间,锁定时间等,所以要不要分析工具看个人情况,分析工具很多,在这儿只说一下mysql自带的慢查询分析工具mysqldumpslow的使用方法。
- [root@BlackGhost bin]# mysqldumpslow -h
- Option h requires an argument
- ERROR: bad option
- Usage: mysqldumpslow [ OPTS... ] [ LOGS... ]
- Parse and summarize the MySQL slow query log. Options are
- --verbose verbose
- --debug debug
- --help write this text to standard output
- -v verbose
- -d debug //查错
- -s ORDER what to sort by (t, at, l, al, r, ar etc), 'at' is default //排序方式query次数,时间,lock的时间和返回的记录数来排序
- -r reverse the sort order (largest last instead of first) //倒排序
- -t NUM just show the top n queries //显示前N多个
- -a don't abstract all numbers to N and strings to 'S'
- -n NUM abstract numbers with at least n digits within names //抽象的数字,至 少有n位内的名称
- -g PATTERN grep: only consider stmts that include this string //配置模式
- -h HOSTNAME hostname of db server for *-slow.log filename (can be wildcard), //mysql所以机器名或者IP
- default is '*', i.e. match all
- -i NAME name of server instance (if using mysql.server startup script)
- -l don't subtract lock time from total time //总时间中不减去锁定时间
例子:
[root@BlackGhost bin]# ./mysqldumpslow -s r -t 20 /usr/local/mysql/mysql-slow.log
[root@BlackGhost bin]# ./mysqldumpslow -s r -t 20 -g 'count' /usr/local/mysql/mysql-slow.log
原文地址 http://blog.51yip.com/mysql/972.html
参考 http://www.cnblogs.com/dhb133/archive/2011/01/06/1927546.html
mysql 开启慢查询命令【转】
以MySQL 5.1.36为例:
在slow_query_log (注意log_slow_querys参数已经废弃)值为ON的情况下(默认为OFF),当一条SQL语句执行的时间超过了 long_query_time 预设的时间(默认为10s,同时精确到微秒)时,默认(log_output值为FIFL时)就会把这种慢查询记录 到:slow_query_log_file值所指定的文件中。
mysql> select @@global.log_output;
+---------------------+
| @@global.log_output |
+---------------------+
| FILE |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
注意在MySQL5.1就开始支持把慢查询的日志记录放到mysq.slow_log中,但需要设置log_output变量值为TABLE:
mysql> set @@global.log_output='TABLE';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> desc mysql.slow_log;
+----------------+------------------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------------+------------------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| start_time | timestamp | NO | | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | on update CURRENT_TIMESTAMP |
| user_host | mediumtext | NO | | NULL | |
| query_time | time | NO | | NULL | |
| lock_time | time | NO | | NULL | |
| rows_sent | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| rows_examined | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| db | varchar(512) | NO | | NULL | |
| last_insert_id | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| insert_id | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| server_id | int(10) unsigned | NO | | NULL | |
| sql_text | mediumtext | NO | | NULL | |
+----------------+------------------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+
11 rows in set (0.01 sec)
注意,文件记录和写表记录只会有一种生效。
修改之前:
mysql> show variables like '%slow%';
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| log_slow_queries | OFF |
| slow_launch_time | 2 |
| slow_query_log | OFF |
| slow_query_log_file | /usr/local/mysql-5.1.36/var/localhost-slow.log |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
mysql>
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
注意这个时候localhost-slow.log文件是不存在的:
mysql> system cat /usr/local/mysql-5.1.36/var/localhost-slow.log
cat: /usr/local/mysql-5.1.36/var/localhost-slow.log: No such file or directory
修改slow_query_log的方法:
mysql> warnings;
Show warnings enabled.
mysql> set @@global.log_slow_queries=ON;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
Warning (Code 1287): The syntax '@@log_slow_queries' is deprecated and will be removed in MySQL 7.0. Please use '@@slow_query_log' instead
注意已经不再使用log_slow_queries参数,用slow_query_log替代,这样修改slow_query_log时,log_slow_queries也会被隐性地修改:
mysql> set @@global.slow_query_log=ON;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
修改之后:
mysql> show variables like '%slow%';
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| log_slow_queries | ON |
| slow_launch_time | 2 |
| slow_query_log | ON |
| slow_query_log_file | /usr/local/mysql-5.1.36/var/localhost-slow.log |
+---------------------+------------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
这时localhost-slow.log文件已经建立:
mysql> system cat /usr/local/mysql-5.1.36/var/localhost-slow.log
/usr/local/mysql-5.1.36/libexec/mysqld, Version: 5.1.36-log (Source distribution). started with:
Tcp port: 3306 Unix socket: /tmp/mysql.sock
Time Id Command Argument
分析时我们可以直接查询慢查询日志,也可以通过mysqldumpslow命令(推荐)来解析这个文件:
[root@localhost var]# mysqldumpslow localhost-slow.log
Reading mysql slow query log from localhost-slow.log
Count: 1 Time=0.00s (0s) Lock=0.00s (0s) Rows=0.0 (0), 0users@0hosts
我们可以通过sleep函数来做简单的测试:
如:select sleep(11);