Javascript解惑之 new A.B() 与 new A().B() 的区别

new A.B() 与 new A().B() 是有区别的，这个大家都知道，至于为什么，我之前一直不是很理解。

这个问题涉及到的知识面是，点运算符、new运算符、函数执行这三者之间的优先级的问题。

new A.B(); 的逻辑是这样的：

new A.B();

点运算符优先于new运算符，看起来似乎仅仅如此。

new A().B(); 的逻辑却是这样的：

(new A()).B();

而不是

new (A().B)();

区别在于A后面多了一对小括号，这个影响到了优先级顺序。

ECMAScript标准里关于new运算符(11.2.2) 和function calls 的描述是下面这一段：

11.2.2ThenewOperator

The productionNewExpression:newNewExpressionis evaluated as follows:

1. Letrefbe the result of evaluatingNewExpression.
2. LetconstructorbeGetValue(ref).
3. IfType(constructor) is not Object, throw aTypeErrorexception.
4. Ifconstructordoes not implement the [[Construct]] internal method, throw aTypeErrorexception.
5. Return the result of calling the [[Construct]] internal method onconstructor, providing no arguments (that is, an empty list of arguments).

The productionMemberExpression:newMemberExpressionArgumentsis evaluated as follows:

1. Letrefbe the result of evaluatingMemberExpression.
2. LetconstructorbeGetValue(ref).
3. LetargListbe the result of evaluatingArguments, producing an internal list of argument values (11.2.4).
4. IfType(constructor) is not Object, throw aTypeErrorexception.
5. Ifconstructordoes not implement the [[Construct]] internal method, throw aTypeErrorexception.
6. Return the result of calling the [[Construct]] internal method onconstructor, providing the listargListas the argument values.

11.2.3 Function Calls

The productionCallExpression:MemberExpressionArgumentsis evaluated as follows:

1. Letrefbe the result of evaluatingMemberExpression.
2. LetfuncbeGetValue(ref).
3. LetargListbe the result of evaluatingArguments, producing an internal list of argument values (see 11.2.4).
4. IfType(func) is not Object, throw aTypeErrorexception.
5. IfIsCallable(func) isfalse, throw aTypeErrorexception.
6. IfType(ref) isReference, then
   1. IfIsPropertyReference(ref) istrue, then
      1. LetthisValuebeGetBase(ref).
   2. Else, the base ofrefis anEnvironment Record
      1. LetthisValuebe the result of calling the ImplicitThisValue concrete method ofGetBase(ref).
7. Else,Type(ref) is notReference.
   1. LetthisValuebeundefined.
8. Return the result of calling the [[Call]] internal method onfunc, providingthisValueas thethisvalue and providing the listargListas the argument values.

The productionCallExpression:CallExpressionArgumentsis evaluated in exactly the same manner, except that the containedCallExpressionis evaluated in step 1.

NOTEThe returned result will never be of typeReferenceiffuncis a native ECMAScript object. Whether calling a host object can return a value of typeReferenceis implementation-dependent. If a value of typeReferenceis returned, it must be a non-strict PropertyReference.

看了这么大一段逻辑，都有点怕了，不过还是看了下来，理解了一半一半。

在Javascript中，如果构造函数不带参数的话，new的时候可以省略括号。

//这两种写法是等价的
var d = new A;
var d = new A();

//但是下面这两种是不同的，不能混淆了：
var d = new A.B(); //new A.B;
var d = new A().B(); //new A().B;