AnimatedGifEncoder

import java.io.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.*;

/**
* Class AnimatedGifEncoder - Encodes a GIF file consisting of one or
* more frames.
* <pre>
* Example:
* AnimatedGifEncoder e = new AnimatedGifEncoder();
* e.start(outputFileName);
* e.setDelay(1000); // 1 frame per sec
* e.addFrame(image1);
* e.addFrame(image2);
* e.finish();
* </pre>
* No copyright asserted on the source code of this class. May be used
* for any purpose, however, refer to the Unisys LZW patent for restrictions
* on use of the associated LZWEncoder class. Please forward any corrections
* to kweiner@fmsware.com.
*
* @author Kevin Weiner, FM Software
* @version 1.03 November 2003
*
*/

public class AnimatedGifEncoder {

protected int width; // image size
protected int height;
protected Color transparent = null; // transparent color if given
protected int transIndex; // transparent index in color table
protected int repeat = -1; // no repeat
protected int delay = 0; // frame delay (hundredths)
protected boolean started = false; // ready to output frames
protected OutputStream out;
protected BufferedImage image; // current frame
protected byte[] pixels; // BGR byte array from frame
protected byte[] indexedPixels; // converted frame indexed to palette
protected int colorDepth; // number of bit planes
protected byte[] colorTab; // RGB palette
protected boolean[] usedEntry = new boolean[256]; // active palette entries
protected int palSize = 7; // color table size (bits-1)
protected int dispose = -1; // disposal code (-1 = use default)
protected boolean closeStream = false; // close stream when finished
protected boolean firstFrame = true;
protected boolean sizeSet = false; // if false, get size from first frame
protected int sample = 10; // default sample interval for quantizer

/**
* Sets the delay time between each frame, or changes it
* for subsequent frames (applies to last frame added).
*
* @param ms int delay time in milliseconds
*/
public void setDelay(int ms) {
delay = Math.round(ms / 10.0f);
}

/**
* Sets the GIF frame disposal code for the last added frame
* and any subsequent frames. Default is 0 if no transparent
* color has been set, otherwise 2.
* @param code int disposal code.
*/
public void setDispose(int code) {
if (code >= 0) {
dispose = code;
}
}

/**
* Sets the number of times the set of GIF frames
* should be played. Default is 1; 0 means play
* indefinitely. Must be invoked before the first
* image is added.
*
* @param iter int number of iterations.
* @return
*/
public void setRepeat(int iter) {
if (iter >= 0) {
repeat = iter;
}
}

/**
* Sets the transparent color for the last added frame
* and any subsequent frames.
* Since all colors are subject to modification
* in the quantization process, the color in the final
* palette for each frame closest to the given color
* becomes the transparent color for that frame.
* May be set to null to indicate no transparent color.
*
* @param c Color to be treated as transparent on display.
*/
public void setTransparent(Color c) {
transparent = c;
}

/**
* Adds next GIF frame. The frame is not written immediately, but is
* actually deferred until the next frame is received so that timing
* data can be inserted. Invoking <code>finish()</code> flushes all
* frames. If <code>setSize</code> was not invoked, the size of the
* first image is used for all subsequent frames.
*
* @param im BufferedImage containing frame to write.
* @return true if successful.
*/
public boolean addFrame(BufferedImage im) {
if ((im == null) || !started) {
return false;
}
boolean ok = true;
try {
if (!sizeSet) {
// use first frame's size
setSize(im.getWidth(), im.getHeight());
}
image = im;
getImagePixels(); // convert to correct format if necessary
analyzePixels(); // build color table & map pixels
if (firstFrame) {
writeLSD(); // logical screen descriptior
writePalette(); // global color table
if (repeat >= 0) {
// use NS app extension to indicate reps
writeNetscapeExt();
}
}
writeGraphicCtrlExt(); // write graphic control extension
writeImageDesc(); // image descriptor
if (!firstFrame) {
writePalette(); // local color table
}
writePixels(); // encode and write pixel data
firstFrame = false;
} catch (IOException e) {
ok = false;
}

return ok;
}

/**
* Flushes any pending data and closes output file.
* If writing to an OutputStream, the stream is not
* closed.
*/
public boolean finish() {
if (!started) return false;
boolean ok = true;
started = false;
try {
out.write(0x3b); // gif trailer
out.flush();
if (closeStream) {
out.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
ok = false;
}

// reset for subsequent use
transIndex = 0;
out = null;
image = null;
pixels = null;
indexedPixels = null;
colorTab = null;
closeStream = false;
firstFrame = true;

return ok;
}

/**
* Sets frame rate in frames per second. Equivalent to
* <code>setDelay(1000/fps)</code>.
*
* @param fps float frame rate (frames per second)
*/
public void setFrameRate(float fps) {
if (fps != 0f) {
delay = Math.round(100f / fps);
}
}

/**
* Sets quality of color quantization (conversion of images
* to the maximum 256 colors allowed by the GIF specification).
* Lower values (minimum = 1) produce better colors, but slow
* processing significantly. 10 is the default, and produces
* good color mapping at reasonable speeds. Values greater
* than 20 do not yield significant improvements in speed.
*
* @param quality int greater than 0.
* @return
*/
public void setQuality(int quality) {
if (quality < 1) quality = 1;
sample = quality;
}

/**
* Sets the GIF frame size. The default size is the
* size of the first frame added if this method is
* not invoked.
*
* @param w int frame width.
* @param h int frame width.
*/
public void setSize(int w, int h) {
if (started && !firstFrame) return;
width = w;
height = h;
if (width < 1) width = 320;
if (height < 1) height = 240;
sizeSet = true;
}

/**
* Initiates GIF file creation on the given stream. The stream
* is not closed automatically.
*
* @param os OutputStream on which GIF images are written.
* @return false if initial write failed.
*/
public boolean start(OutputStream os) {
if (os == null) return false;
boolean ok = true;
closeStream = false;
out = os;
try {
writeString("GIF89a"); // header
} catch (IOException e) {
ok = false;
}
return started = ok;
}

/**
* Initiates writing of a GIF file with the specified name.
*
* @param file String containing output file name.
* @return false if open or initial write failed.
*/
public boolean start(String file) {
boolean ok = true;
try {
out = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(file));
ok = start(out);
closeStream = true;
} catch (IOException e) {
ok = false;
}
return started = ok;
}

/**
* Analyzes image colors and creates color map.
*/
protected void analyzePixels() {
int len = pixels.length;
int nPix = len / 3;
indexedPixels = new byte[nPix];
NeuQuant nq = new NeuQuant(pixels, len, sample);
// initialize quantizer
colorTab = nq.process(); // create reduced palette
// convert map from BGR to RGB
for (int i = 0; i < colorTab.length; i += 3) {
byte temp = colorTab[i];
colorTab[i] = colorTab[i + 2];
colorTab[i + 2] = temp;
usedEntry[i / 3] = false;
}
// map image pixels to new palette
int k = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < nPix; i++) {
int index =
nq.map(pixels[k++] & 0xff,
pixels[k++] & 0xff,
pixels[k++] & 0xff);
usedEntry[index] = true;
indexedPixels[i] = (byte) index;
}
pixels = null;
colorDepth = 8;
palSize = 7;
// get closest match to transparent color if specified
if (transparent != null) {
transIndex = findClosest(transparent);
}
}

/**
* Returns index of palette color closest to c
*
*/
protected int findClosest(Color c) {
if (colorTab == null) return -1;
int r = c.getRed();
int g = c.getGreen();
int b = c.getBlue();
int minpos = 0;
int dmin = 256 * 256 * 256;
int len = colorTab.length;
for (int i = 0; i < len;) {
int dr = r - (colorTab[i++] & 0xff);
int dg = g - (colorTab[i++] & 0xff);
int db = b - (colorTab[i] & 0xff);
int d = dr * dr + dg * dg + db * db;
int index = i / 3;
if (usedEntry[index] && (d < dmin)) {
dmin = d;
minpos = index;
}
i++;
}
return minpos;
}

/**
* Extracts image pixels into byte array "pixels"
*/
protected void getImagePixels() {
int w = image.getWidth();
int h = image.getHeight();
int type = image.getType();
if ((w != width)
|| (h != height)
|| (type != BufferedImage.TYPE_3BYTE_BGR)) {
// create new image with right size/format
BufferedImage temp =
new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_3BYTE_BGR);
Graphics2D g = temp.createGraphics();
g.drawImage(image, 0, 0, null);
image = temp;
}
pixels = ((DataBufferByte) image.getRaster().getDataBuffer()).getData();
}

/**
* Writes Graphic Control Extension
*/
protected void writeGraphicCtrlExt() throws IOException {
out.write(0x21); // extension introducer
out.write(0xf9); // GCE label
out.write(4); // data block size
int transp, disp;
if (transparent == null) {
transp = 0;
disp = 0; // dispose = no action
} else {
transp = 1;
disp = 2; // force clear if using transparent color
}
if (dispose >= 0) {
disp = dispose & 7; // user override
}
disp <<= 2;

// packed fields
out.write(0 | // 1:3 reserved
disp | // 4:6 disposal
0 | // 7 user input - 0 = none
transp); // 8 transparency flag

writeShort(delay); // delay x 1/100 sec
out.write(transIndex); // transparent color index
out.write(0); // block terminator
}

/**
* Writes Image Descriptor
*/
protected void writeImageDesc() throws IOException {
out.write(0x2c); // image separator
writeShort(0); // image position x,y = 0,0
writeShort(0);
writeShort(width); // image size
writeShort(height);
// packed fields
if (firstFrame) {
// no LCT - GCT is used for first (or only) frame
out.write(0);
} else {
// specify normal LCT
out.write(0x80 | // 1 local color table 1=yes
0 | // 2 interlace - 0=no
0 | // 3 sorted - 0=no
0 | // 4-5 reserved
palSize); // 6-8 size of color table
}
}

/**
* Writes Logical Screen Descriptor
*/
protected void writeLSD() throws IOException {
// logical screen size
writeShort(width);
writeShort(height);
// packed fields
out.write((0x80 | // 1 : global color table flag = 1 (gct used)
0x70 | // 2-4 : color resolution = 7
0x00 | // 5 : gct sort flag = 0
palSize)); // 6-8 : gct size

out.write(0); // background color index
out.write(0); // pixel aspect ratio - assume 1:1
}

/**
* Writes Netscape application extension to define
* repeat count.
*/
protected void writeNetscapeExt() throws IOException {
out.write(0x21); // extension introducer
out.write(0xff); // app extension label
out.write(11); // block size
writeString("NETSCAPE" + "2.0"); // app id + auth code
out.write(3); // sub-block size
out.write(1); // loop sub-block id
writeShort(repeat); // loop count (extra iterations, 0=repeat forever)
out.write(0); // block terminator
}

/**
* Writes color table
*/
protected void writePalette() throws IOException {
out.write(colorTab, 0, colorTab.length);
int n = (3 * 256) - colorTab.length;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
out.write(0);
}
}

/**
* Encodes and writes pixel data
*/
protected void writePixels() throws IOException {
LZWEncoder encoder =
new LZWEncoder(width, height, indexedPixels, colorDepth);
encoder.encode(out);
}

/**
* Write 16-bit value to output stream, LSB first
*/
protected void writeShort(int value) throws IOException {
out.write(value & 0xff);
out.write((value >> 8) & 0xff);
}

/**
* Writes string to output stream
*/
protected void writeString(String s) throws IOException {
for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
out.write((byte) s.charAt(i));
}
}
}