多对一的例子 , 多个员工 对 一个部门 (Hibernate3.2)
package dao.po;
/**
* @author zl 员工类
*/
public class Employee
{
private intid;// 员工的ID
private Stringname;// 员工的名称
private Departmentdepart; //员工所在部门, 是多对一关系
}
package dao.po;
/**
* 部门类
*
* @author zl
*
*/
public class Department
{
private int id; //部门的ID
private String name; //部门的名称
}
映射文件 :
<?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping package="dao.po"> <class name="Employee"> <id name="id"> <generator class="native"/> </id> <property name="name" not-null="true" length="255" column="`name`"/> <!-- 这里做多对一映射 --> <!-- name="depart"是Employee类的属性名 --> <!-- column="depart_id" 是表中字段名 --> <!-- 注意:下面没有非空 约束 , 很多情况,外键是有非空约束的, 一会后面说--> <!--column="depart_id" 中的depart_id是Employee对象的depart属性映射为Employee表中的depart_id字段--> <many-to-one name="depart" column="depart_id" ></many-to-one> </class> </hibernate-mapping>
<?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping package="dao.po"> <class name="Department"> <id name="id"> <generator class="native"/> </id> <property name="name" not-null="true" length="255" column="`name`"/> </class> </hibernate-mapping>
hibernate.cfg.xml 文件实在没什么好说的,就不显示了, 想看的下载附件.
我们来保存员工 和 部门:
package dao;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import dao.po.Department;
import dao.po.Employee;
/**
* 多对一的例子 , 多个员工 对 一个部门
*
*/
public class Many2One
{
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(final String[] args)
{
add(); //添加两个员工, 一个部门
}
/**
* 添加两个员工, 一个部门
*/
public static void add()
{
final Department depart = new Department(); //部门
depart.setName("技术部");
final Employee em1 = new Employee(); //员工 一
em1.setName("赵磊");
em1.setDepart(depart);
final Employee em2 = new Employee(); //员工 二
em2.setName("陈加俊");
em2.setDepart(depart);
Session session = null;
try
{
session = HibernateUtil.getSeesion();
final Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
session.save(depart); //先插入部门
session.save(em1); //后插入员工, 因为员工的外键是 部门
session.save(em2);
tx.commit();
}
finally
{
if (session != null)
{
session.close();
}
}
}
}
注意:保存的顺序:
第一种:
session.save(depart); //先插入部门
session.save(em1); //后插入员工, 因为员工的外键是 部门
session.save(em2);
输出的SQL:
Hibernate: insert into Department (`name`) values (?)
Hibernate: insert into Employee (`name`, depart_id) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into Employee (`name`, depart_id) values (?, ?)
第二种:
session.save(em1); //先插入员工
session.save(em2);
session.save(depart); //后插入部门
输出的SQL:
Hibernate: insert into Employee (`name`, depart_id) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into Employee (`name`, depart_id) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into Department (`name`) values (?)
Hibernate: update Employee set `name`=?, depart_id=? where id=?
Hibernate: update Employee set `name`=?, depart_id=? where id=?
这里多了两句 update,要 注意.
如果Employee.hbm.xml 中外键有非空约束 ,如下:保存时只能用"第一种 "顺序. 用了第二种,先插入员工,但depart_id字段为空,会异常,不能插入.
<many-to-one name="depart" column="depart_id" not-null="true"></many-to-one>
我们来查询一个员工, 注意"部门":
/**
* 测试查询
*
* @param args
*/
public static void main(final String[] args)
{
//add(); //添加两个员工, 一个部门
final Employee em = query(7);
//员工的部门 , 执行Hibernate.initialize()后, 在session关闭前就取得了部门.
//若没有执行Hibernate.initialize(), 下面会抛异常.
System.out.println(em.getDepart().getName());
}
/**
* 查询一个员工出来
*/
public static Employee query(final int id)
{
Session session = null;
try
{
session = HibernateUtil.getSeesion();
final Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
final Employee em = (Employee) session.get(Employee.class, id); //按ID查
//因为 员工的 "部门" 属性会懒加载,
//在session关闭后,调用em.getDepart()无法取到部门信息
//所以这里用 Hibernate.initialize(em.getDepart()) 提前加载一下.
//是em.getDepart() 而不是em.
Hibernate.initialize(em.getDepart());
tx.commit();
return em;
}
finally
{ if (session != null)
{
session.close();
}
}
}
输出的SQL是:
Hibernate: select employee0_.id as id1_0_, employee0_.`name` as name2_1_0_, employee0_.depart_id as depart3_1_0_ from Employee employee0_ where employee0_.id=?
Hibernate: select department0_.id as id0_0_, department0_.`name` as name2_0_0_ from Department department0_ where department0_.id=?
做了两次查询, 没有使用 join on , 想使用join on 还要配置. 默认不用.
关于懒加载, 会在以后的文章中专门讲, 这里先不讲, 只是用了用 Hibernate.initialize(em.getDepart()) 提前加载