Tomcat7.0.0已经出来了,关注它已经支持servlet3.0规范,servlet3.0规范有一个很值得期待的特性就是,支持异步IO通信,何为异步响应,就是保持长连接,让servlet实现原先的TCP Server才能做到的事,就像我以前写的一个WEB IM。没有用到comet,使用Ajax轮询聊天,反应慢不说,很多时候轮询的资源是被浪费掉的,杯具啊
现在好了Tomcat7.0.0已经原生支持comet和异步IO,但是需要APR 或者NIO HTTP连接器,应该在新的servlet-api,会提供tomcat7.0-guide的原文如下:
Usage of these features requires using the APR or NIO HTTP connectors. The classic java.io HTTP connector and the AJP connectors do not support them,
实际是使用,需要增加对NIO的支持,要做的仅仅是在server.xml里边修改connector:
<connector protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol" port="8080" redirectport="8443" connectiontimeout="20000">
要用好这个comet需要了解comet的几个事件
protected ArrayList connections =
new ArrayList();
synchronized(connections) {
connections.add(response);
}
这端代码很重要,因为只有保存了用户响应的句柄,才是异步comet的关键所在,你可以决定什么时候,什么内容什么顺序把消息分发给哪一个用户.
synchronized(connections) {
connections.remove(response);
}
- EventType.ERROR:当一次IO异常或者一次不可发生的错误发生,那些在begin方法中初始化的资源会被重置,这个request和response将会被回收(就是某一个发生ioexception客户的资源都要被重置,抓住这个错误可以提示给用户一些有用的信息,比如:你和服务器的连接发生了错误,请重新登录聊天室)
下面这个是模拟TCP CHART Server的Servlet聊天服务器,是基于异步长连接的
public class ChatServlet
extends HttpServlet implements CometProcessor {
protected ArrayList connections =
new ArrayList();
protected MessageSender messageSender = null;
public void init() throws ServletException {
//聊天服务器servlet启动的时候自动启动一个线程来接收用户的聊天消息,并广播出去
messageSender = new MessageSender();
Thread messageSenderThread =
new Thread(messageSender, "MessageSender[" + getServletContext().getContextPath() + "]");
messageSenderThread.setDaemon(true);
messageSenderThread.start();
}
public void destroy() {
//清除资源
connections.clear();
messageSender.stop();
messageSender = null;
}
/**
* Process the given Comet event.
*
* @param event The Comet event that will be processed
* @throws IOException
* @throws ServletException
*/
public void event(CometEvent event)
throws IOException, ServletException {
HttpServletRequest request = event.getHttpServletRequest();
HttpServletResponse response = event.getHttpServletResponse();
if (event.getEventType() == CometEvent.EventType.BEGIN) {
//加入刚收到这个用户的请求,触发CometEvent.EventType.BEGIN事件,先打印出一些消息头,并且把这个用户的//response保存在缓存容器中,以备广播用
log("Begin for session: " + request.getSession(true).getId());
PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter();
writer.println(""-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en\">");
writer.println("JSP Chat");
writer.flush();
synchronized(connections) {
connections.add(response);
}
}
假如IO错误了,当然释放这个连接,清空这个缓存的response句柄,该用户web im应该提示服务器错误,或者超时
else if (event.getEventType() == CometEvent.EventType.ERROR) {
log("Error for session: " + request.getSession(true).getId());
synchronized(connections) {
connections.remove(response);
}
event.close();
}
//结束时候也是释放连接,清空这个缓存的response句柄,值得注意的是,这时候用户已经断开聊天服务器
else if (event.getEventType() == CometEvent.EventType.END) {
log("End for session: " + request.getSession(true).getId());
synchronized(connections) {
connections.remove(response);
}
PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter();
writer.println("</body></html>");
event.close();
} else if (event.getEventType() == CometEvent.EventType.READ) {
InputStream is = request.getInputStream();
byte[] buf = new byte[512];
do {
int n = is.read(buf); //can throw an IOException//由于已经在线程中已经读消息和广播消息了,这里这个事件主要用来log输出用户发来的聊天内容
if (n > 0) {
log("Read " + n + " bytes: " + new String(buf, 0, n)
+ " for session: " + request.getSession(true).getId());
} else if (n < 0) {
error(event, request, response);
return;
}
} while (is.available() > 0);
}
}
//该线程用来接收用户的消息,和向所有用户广播消息,应该不是很难
public class MessageSender implements Runnable {
protected boolean running = true;
protected ArrayList<String> messages = new ArrayList<String>();
public MessageSender() {
}
public void stop() {
running = false;
}
/**
* Add message for sending.
*/
public void send(String user, String message) {
synchronized (messages) {
messages.add("[" + user + "]: " + message);
messages.notify();
}
}
public void run() {
while (running) {
if (messages.size() == 0) {
try {
synchronized (messages) {
messages.wait();
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// Ignore
}
}
synchronized (connections) {
String[] pendingMessages = null;
synchronized (messages) {
pendingMessages = messages.toArray(new String[0]);
messages.clear();
}
// 传说中的广播
for (int i = 0; i < connections.size(); i++) {
try {
PrintWriter writer = connections.get(i).getWriter();
for (int j = 0; j < pendingMessages.length; j++) {
writer.println(pendingMessages[j] + "<br>");
}
writer.flush();
} catch (IOException e) {
log("IOExeption sending message", e);
}
}
}
}
}
}
}