Tomcat 集群配置

对于WEB 应用 集群的技术 实现而言，最大的难点就是如何能在集群中的多个节点之间保持数据的一致性，会话（Session）信息是这些数据中最重要的一块。要实现这一点，大体上有两种方式，一种是把所有Session数据放到一台服务器上或者数据库 中，集群中的所有节点通过访问 这台Session服务器来获取数据；另一种就是在集群中的所有节点间进行Session数据的同步拷贝，任何一个节点均保存了所有的Session数据。两种方式都各有优点，第一种方式简单、易于实现，但是存在着Session服务器发生故障会导致全系统不能正常工作的风险；第二种方式可靠性更高，任一节点的故障不会对整个系统对客户访问的响应产生影响，但是技术实现上更复杂一些。常见的平台或中间件如 microsoft asp.net和IBM WAS都会提供对两种共享方式的支持，tomcat也是这样，但是一般采用第二种方式。


<wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>当采用tomcat默认集群配置（&lt;Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/&gt;）时，配置的细节实际上被省略了，对于大多数应用而言，使用默认配置已经足够，完整的默认配置应该是这样：<br><br><br><br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>&lt;Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>channelSendOptions="8"&gt;<br><br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> &lt;Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager"<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> expireSessionsOnShutdown<wbr>="false"<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> notifyListenersOnReplica<wbr>tion="true"/&gt;<br><br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> &lt;Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel"&gt;<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>&lt;Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService"<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>address="228.0.0.4"<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>port="45564"<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>frequency="500"<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>dropTime="3000"/&gt;<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>&lt;Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver"<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> address="auto"<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> port="4000"<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> selectorTimeout="5000"<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr> maxThreads="6"/&gt;<br><br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>&lt;Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter"&gt;<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>&lt;Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/&gt;<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>&lt;/Sender&gt;<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr>&lt;Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/&gt;<br><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr></wbr>