Linux Distribution：Ubuntu 14
Libevent：1.4.14b
下载地址：libevent官网
Memcached：1.4.25
下载地址：memcached官网
一，安装memcached
Memcached的安装依赖Libevent，首先安装Libevent：
sean@sean:~$ tar -xzf libevent-1.4.14b-stable.tar.gz
sean@sean:~$ cd libevent-1.4.14b-stable/
sean@sean:~/libevent-1.4.14b-stable$ sudo ./configure -prefix /usr
sean@sean:~/libevent-1.4.14b-stable$ sudo make
sean@sean:~/libevent-1.4.14b-stable$ sudo make install
sean@sean:~/libevent-1.4.14b-stable$ sudo make cleanLibevent将会被安装至/usr/lib下
sean@sean:/usr/lib$ cd /usr/lib/
sean@sean:/usr/lib$ ll | grep libevent*
Binary file libevent-1.4.so.2.2.0 matches
libevent.la:dlname='libevent-1.4.so.2'
libevent.la:library_names='libevent-1.4.so.2.2.0 libevent-1.4.so.2 libevent.so'
Binary file libevent.so matches
然后安装Memcached：
sean@sean:~$ tar -xzf memcached-1.4.25.tar.tar
sean@sean:~$ cd memcached-1.4.25/
sean@sean:~/memcached-1.4.25$ sudo ./configure -with-libevent=/usr
sean@sean:~/memcached-1.4.25$ sudo make
sean@sean:~/memcached-1.4.25$ sudo make install
sean@sean:~/memcached-1.4.25$ sudo make cleanMemcached将会被安装至/usr/local/bin下：
sean@sean:/usr/local/bin$ ll
total 544
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 4月 21 21:32 ./
drwxr-xr-x 10 root root 4096 2月 18 07:12 ../
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 545998 4月 21 21:32 memcached*
二，启动memcached服务
-m：分配给memcached的最大内存，以M为单位
-p：服务监听的TCP端口，默认值是11211
-d：服务当做守护进程启动
-vv：打印详细信息
-f：增长因子，默认值是1.25，指定的值必须比1大
sean@sean:/usr/local/bin$ ./memcached -m 64 -p 9999 -d -vv
sean@sean:/usr/local/bin$ slab class 1: chunk size 96 perslab 10922
slab class 2: chunk size 120 perslab 8738
slab class 3: chunk size 152 perslab 6898
slab class 4: chunk size 192 perslab 5461
slab class 5: chunk size 240 perslab 4369
slab class 6: chunk size 304 perslab 3449
slab class 7: chunk size 384 perslab 2730
slab class 8: chunk size 480 perslab 2184
slab class 9: chunk size 600 perslab 1747
slab class 10: chunk size 752 perslab 1394
slab class 11: chunk size 944 perslab 1110
slab class 12: chunk size 1184 perslab 885
slab class 13: chunk size 1480 perslab 708
slab class 14: chunk size 1856 perslab 564
slab class 15: chunk size 2320 perslab 451
slab class 16: chunk size 2904 perslab 361
slab class 17: chunk size 3632 perslab 288
slab class 18: chunk size 4544 perslab 230
slab class 19: chunk size 5680 perslab 184
slab class 20: chunk size 7104 perslab 147
slab class 21: chunk size 8880 perslab 118
slab class 22: chunk size 11104 perslab 94
slab class 23: chunk size 13880 perslab 75
slab class 24: chunk size 17352 perslab 60
slab class 25: chunk size 21696 perslab 48
slab class 26: chunk size 27120 perslab 38
slab class 27: chunk size 33904 perslab 30
slab class 28: chunk size 42384 perslab 24
slab class 29: chunk size 52984 perslab 19
slab class 30: chunk size 66232 perslab 15
slab class 31: chunk size 82792 perslab 12
slab class 32: chunk size 103496 perslab 10
slab class 33: chunk size 129376 perslab 8
slab class 34: chunk size 161720 perslab 6
slab class 35: chunk size 202152 perslab 5
slab class 36: chunk size 252696 perslab 4
slab class 37: chunk size 315872 perslab 3
slab class 38: chunk size 394840 perslab 2
slab class 39: chunk size 493552 perslab 2
slab class 40: chunk size 616944 perslab 1
slab class 41: chunk size 771184 perslab 1
slab class 42: chunk size 1048576 perslab 1
<26 server listening (auto-negotiate)
<27 server listening (auto-negotiate)
<28 send buffer was 212992, now 268435456
<32 send buffer was 212992, now 268435456
<31 server listening (udp)
<35 server listening (udp)
<30 server listening (udp)
<34 server listening (udp)
<29 server listening (udp)
<33 server listening (udp)
<28 server listening (udp)
<32 server listening (udp)从日志信息中，我们可以了解到很多东西
首先就是memcached的内存管理机制，memcached会将内存分为数个大小相等的slab，每个slab又按固定大小分成数个chunk，随着slab编号的增加，slab中chunk的大小按一定比率增长
从日志中可以看到，memcached将内存分为了42个大小均为1M的slab，而每个slab又分为大小相同的数个chunk，比如slab1中每个chunk的大小为120B，slab1中总共有8738个这样的chunk，而slab42中每个chunk的大小为1M，所以slab42中只能有一个chunk，随着slab编号的增加，slab中chunk的大小按1.25的比率增长（slab1：120，slab2：150，150/120=1.25，正好是-f指定的增长因子的默认值）
slab5中每个chunk的大小为240B，当我要存放200B的数据时，则会选择slab5中的一个chunk存放数据，如果slab5中的chunk都被使用了怎么办？没关系，找到一个最近最少使用（LRU：least recently used）的chunk，将新数据存入其中，即使slab6中有空闲的chunk，因此当memcached中保存数据的大小基本一致时，增长因子过大将导致memcahed的内存使用率并不是很高
查看进程发现服务启动成功：
sean@sean:/usr/local/bin$ ps -ef|grep memcached
sean 17944 8981 0 21:28 ? 00:00:00 ./memcached -m 64 -p 9999 -u root -d -vvv
sean 17951 14900 0 21:28 pts/15 00:00:00 grep --color=auto memcached三，基本memcached命令
由于memcached服务监听9999端口，我们可以通过telnet的方式连接至memcached
sean@sean:~$ telnet 127.0.0.1 9999
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to 127.0.0.1.
Escape character is '^]'.之后可以通过输入相应的命令进行操作
新增：add key flag expire length
add name 1 0 4
sean
STORED
flag必须为一个正整数，将对象、数组序列化后存入缓存，当需要取出时，还需反序列化，这时可根据flag的值进行相应的反序列化，比如flag的值是1，不需要反序列化，值为2，反序列化对象，值为3，反序列化数组
length为缓存的字节长度
查询：get key
get name
VALUE name 1 4
sean
END
删除：delete key
delete name
DELETED
替换（key必须存在才能替换）：replace key flag expire length
设置（key不存在执行新增，key存在执行替换）：set key flag expire length
查看状态：stat
stats
STAT pid 18178
STAT uptime 1160
STAT time 1463495507
STAT version 1.4.25
STAT libevent 1.4.14b-stable
STAT pointer_size 64
STAT rusage_user 0.000000
STAT rusage_system 0.040000
STAT curr_connections 10
STAT total_connections 11
STAT connection_structures 11
STAT reserved_fds 20
STAT cmd_get 6
STAT cmd_set 7
STAT cmd_flush 0
STAT cmd_touch 0
STAT get_hits 4
STAT get_misses 2
STAT delete_misses 0
STAT delete_hits 2
STAT incr_misses 0
STAT incr_hits 0
STAT decr_misses 0
STAT decr_hits 0
STAT cas_misses 0
STAT cas_hits 0
STAT cas_badval 0
STAT touch_hits 0
STAT touch_misses 0
STAT auth_cmds 0
STAT auth_errors 0
STAT bytes_read 264
STAT bytes_written 203
STAT limit_maxbytes 67108864
STAT accepting_conns 1
STAT listen_disabled_num 0
STAT time_in_listen_disabled_us 0
STAT threads 4
STAT conn_yields 0
STAT hash_power_level 16
STAT hash_bytes 524288
STAT hash_is_expanding 0
STAT malloc_fails 0
STAT bytes 73
STAT curr_items 1
STAT total_items 6
STAT expired_unfetched 0
STAT evicted_unfetched 0
STAT evictions 0
STAT reclaimed 0
STAT crawler_reclaimed 0
STAT crawler_items_checked 0
STAT lrutail_reflocked 0
END
通过get_hits/(get_hits + get_misses)能够计算出缓存命中率
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