如何使用ant

第一步：从http://ant.apache.org 下载 apache-ant-1.7.0-bin.zip，解压到你自己的目录，我的：E:\apache-ant-1.7.0

第二步：配置 JAVA_HOME 和 ANT_HOME
配置完成后，打开dos窗口，输入 ant 回车，如果提示：
Buildfile: build.xml does not exist!
Build failed

则说明配置完成

第三步：创建自己的工程
我的工程：test
目录结构：
D:\work\code\test_core\src
D:\work\code\test_core\lib


第四步：编写build.xml
[code]
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project default="jar" name="test" basedir=".">

<property name="defaulttargetdir" value="./target"></property>
<property name="classesdir" value="./target/classes"></property>
<property name="logsdir" value="./logs"></property>
<property name="defaulttargetdir" value="./target"></property>
<property name="final.name" value="test"></property>


<target name="compile" description="o Compile the code" >
<mkdir dir="${defaulttargetdir}"></mkdir>
<mkdir dir="${classesdir}"></mkdir>
<mkdir dir="${logsdir}"></mkdir>

<javac destdir="${classesdir}" deprecation="true" debug="true" optimize="false" excludes="**/package.html">
<src>
<pathelement location="./src"></pathelement>
</src>
<classpath>
<fileset dir="./lib">
<include name="*.jar"></include>
</fileset>
</classpath>
</javac>

</target>

<target name="jar" description="o Create the jar" depends="compile">
<copy todir="${classesdir}">
<fileset dir="./src">
<include name="**/*.properties" />
</fileset>
</copy>
<jar jarfile="./lib/${final.name}.jar" excludes="**/package.html" basedir="${classesdir}"></jar>

</target>

<target name="clean" description="o Clean up the generated directories">
<delete dir="${classesdir}"></delete>
<delete file="${lib.dir}/${webapp.name}.jar" />
</target>


</project>


[/code]

打开dos窗口，进入D:\work\code\test_core\目录，输入ant jar 回车
则test.jar 文件将会被输出到 lib目录下
如果仅仅是编译java源文件，你可以使用 ant compile命令，classes文件将会被输出到 target/classes目录下，如果你在src下有以properties结尾的配置文件，则配置文件将也会被拷贝到 target/classes 目录下，起作用的是：
<copy todir="${classesdir}">
<fileset dir="./src">
<include name="**/*.properties" />
</fileset>
</copy>

web工程：
D:\work\code\test_web\src
D:\work\code\test_web\lib
D:\work\code\test_web\web

build.xml如下：
[code]<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project name="testweb" basedir="." default="">
<property name="webapp.name" value="testweb" />
<property name="webapp.version" value="1.0" />
<property name="lib.dir" value="${basedir}/lib" />
<property name="dist.dir" value="${basedir}/dist" />
<!-- The target directory for building the unpacked web application -->
<property name="build.dir" value="${basedir}/build" />
<property name="classes.dir" value="${basedir}/build/classes" />
<!-- The target directory for building the packed web application -->
<property name="webapp.dist" value="${dist.dir}" />
<!-- The target directory for building the unpacked web application -->
<property name="webapp.target" value="${build.dir}/web" />
<property environment="env" />
<property name="tomcat.home" value="D:/tomcat-5.5.23" />

<target name="init" description="defines custom tasks">
</target>
<path id="tomcat.classpath">
<pathelement location="${tomcat.home}/common/lib/servlet-api.jar"/>
</path>
<!-- Check timestamp on files -->
<target name="prepare" depends="init" description="create target directories">
<tstamp>
<format property="copyright.year" pattern="yyyy" />
</tstamp>
<echo message="Preparing target directory '${webapp.target}'" />
<mkdir dir="${lib.dir}" />
<mkdir dir="${dist.dir}" />
<mkdir dir="${build.dir}" />
<mkdir dir="${classes.dir}" />
<mkdir dir="${webapp.target}" />
<mkdir dir="${webapp.target}/WEB-INF" />
<mkdir dir="${webapp.target}/WEB-INF/lib" />
<mkdir dir="${webapp.dist}" />

</target>

<!-- List of variables in .properties files that will be replaced at
build time -->
<filterset id="variables.to.replace">
<filter token="APPNAME" value="${webapp.name}" />
</filterset>

<!-- Copy any resource or configuration files -->
<target name="compile" depends="prepare" description="compile source directory">
<echo message="compileing ${webapp.name} ..." />

<copy todir="${classes.dir}">
<fileset dir="${basedir}/src">
<include name="**/*.properties" />


</fileset>
</copy>


<javac srcdir="${basedir}/src" destdir="${classes.dir}">
<include name="**/*.java" />
<classpath>
<fileset dir="${basedir}/web/WEB-INF/lib">
<include name="*.jar">
</include>
</fileset>
</classpath>
<classpath refid="tomcat.classpath"/>
</javac>
</target>
<!-- Copy any resource or configuration files -->
<target name="jar" depends="compile" description="jar ">
<echo message="jar ${webapp.name}.jar ..." />
<jar jarfile="${lib.dir}/${webapp.name}.jar">
<fileset dir="${classes.dir}" includes="**" />
</jar>
</target>
<!-- Simple alias to package-web -->
<target name="war" depends="jar" description="alias for package-web">
<echo message="war {webapp.name} ..." />
<copy todir="${webapp.target}/WEB-INF">
<fileset dir="${basedir}/web/WEB-INF">
<include name="*.xml" />
</fileset>
</copy>
<copy todir="${webapp.target}/WEB-INF/lib">
<fileset dir="${lib.dir}">
<include name="**/*.jar" />
</fileset>
<fileset dir="${basedir}/web/WEB-INF/lib">
<include name="**/*.jar" />
</fileset>
</copy>

<copy todir="${webapp.target}">
<fileset dir="${basedir}/web">
<include name="**/*.html" />
<include name="**/*.htm" />
<include name="**/*.vm" />
<include name="**/*.jsp" />
<include name="**/*.txt" />
<include name="**/*.zip" />
<include name="**/*.gif" />
<include name="**/*.jpg" />
<include name="**/*.png" />
<include name="**/*.js" />
<include name="**/*.css" />
<include name="**/*.htc" />
<include name="**/*.dwt" />
<include name="**/*.cert" />
<include name="**/*.jnlp" />
<include name="**/*.xml" />
<include name="**/*.tld" />
<!--include name="**/*.properties" /-->
</fileset>
</copy>
<echo message="Packaging ${webapp.name}'s web archive file ..." />
<delete file="${webapp.dist}/${webapp.name}.war" />
<jar jarfile="${webapp.dist}/${webapp.name}.war">
<fileset dir="${webapp.target}" includes="**" />
</jar>

</target>

<target name="deploy" depends="compile,war" if="tomcat.home" description="unwar into the servlet container's deployment directory">

<unwar src="${webapp.dist}/${webapp.name}.war" dest="${tomcat.home}/webapps/${webapp.name}" />
</target>
<target name="undeploy" if="tomcat.home" description="undeploy war file to servlet container's deployment dir">
<echo message="Undeploying webapp from Tomcat" />
<delete file="${tomcat.home}/webapps/${webapp.war}" />
<delete dir="${tomcat.home}/webapps/${webapp.name}" />
</target>
<target name="clean">
<echo message="cleaning ${build.dir} and ${dist.dir} ... " />
<delete dir="${build.dir}" />
<delete dir="${dist.dir}" />
<delete file="${lib.dir}/${webapp.name}.jar" />
</target>
</project>
[/code]