Android -- 网络管理分析

Android -- 网络管理分析

在当前网络成为必不可少的条件时，android系统也集成的wifi,bluetooth,eth,cablemodem等等，为了将其它网络加入进来，大致浏览一下网络管理的相关分析，重点看了wifi的管理，还是绕了很多弯弯的。

在 ConnectivityManager.java 中定义的有如下类型：
public static final int TYPE_MOBILE = 0;
public static final int TYPE_WIFI = 1;
public static final int TYPE_MOBILE_MMS = 2;
public static final int TYPE_MOBILE_SUPL = 3;
public static final int TYPE_MOBILE_DUN = 4;
public static final int TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI = 5;

public static final int TYPE_WIMAX = 6;

/* 这是在机顶盒上为android系统添加的网络类型 */
public static final int TYPE_PPPOE = 7;
public static final int TYPE_ETHERNET = 8;
public static final int TYPE_CABLEMODEM = 9;

public static final int DEFAULT_NETWORK_PREFERENCE = TYPE_WIFI;
设置了默认的网络连接是TYPE_WIFI

而android系统中对众多的网络类型进行管理其整个流程是怎样的呢？下面就来分析一下吧。

系统中对网络的判断和选在是在 ConnectivityService.java 这个服务中来处理的，在系统启动的时候会启动这个系统服务，
而在系统启动完毕后，ConnectivityService在系统启动的时候就启动了。

用户操作的类是 ConnectivityManager.java 通过aidl访问 ConnectivityService.java提供的服务。
public class ConnectivityService extends IConnectivityManager.Stub
看定义就相当明确了。。

1、网络服务启动
SystemServer启动 ConnectivityService,ConnectivityService 服务中启动对网络的监视器
在SystemServer的run()函数中，启动 ConnectivityService 的代码：

  try {
      Slog.i(TAG, "Connectivity Service");
      connectivity = ConnectivityService.getInstance(context);
      ServiceManager.addService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE, connectivity);
  } catch (Throwable e) {
      Slog.e(TAG, "Failure starting Connectivity Service", e);
  }	


	if (connectivityF != null) connectivityF.systemReady();

2、增加定义网络类型
framework/base/core/res/res/values/config.xml中定义了网络的类型
类型定义如下：
<!-- This string array should be overridden by the device to present a list of network
attributes. This is used by the connectivity manager to decide which networks can coexist
based on the hardware -->
<!-- An Array of "[Connection name],[ConnectivityManager connection type],
[associated radio-type],[priority] -->
<string-array translatable="false" name="networkAttributes">
<item>"wifi,1,1,2"</item>
<item>"mobile,0,0,3"</item>
<item>"mobile_mms,2,0,4"</item>
<item>"mobile_supl,3,0,4"</item>
<item>"mobile_hipri,5,0,5"</item>
<item>"pppoe,7,7,1"</item>
<item>"ethernet,8,8,0"</item>
<item>"cablemodem,9,9,0"</item>
</string-array>

!!!!! 参考 NetworkAttributes 类定义即明白什么意思了

<!-- This string array should be overridden by the device to present a list of radio
attributes. This is used by the connectivity manager to decide which networks can coexist
based on the hardware -->
<!-- An Array of "[ConnectivityManager connectionType],
[# simultaneous connection types]" -->
<string-array translatable="false" name="radioAttributes">
<item>"9,1"</item>
<item>"8,1"</item>
<item>"7,1"</item>
<item>"1,1"</item>
<item>"0,1"</item>
</string-array>

!!!! 参考 RadioAttributes 类定义即明白什么意思了

这里代表什么含义呢？在 ConnectivityService内部，定义了两个类用于解析xml文件中内容。

    private static class NetworkAttributes {
        /**
         * Class for holding settings read from resources.
         */
        public String mName;
        public int mType;
        public int mRadio;
        public int mPriority;
        public NetworkInfo.State mLastState;
        public NetworkAttributes(String init) {
            String fragments[] = init.split(",");
            mName = fragments[0].toLowerCase();
            mType = Integer.parseInt(fragments[1]);
            mRadio = Integer.parseInt(fragments[2]);
            mPriority = Integer.parseInt(fragments[3]);
            mLastState = NetworkInfo.State.UNKNOWN;
        }
        public boolean isDefault() {
            return (mType == mRadio);
        }
    }	
	
    private static class RadioAttributes {
        public int mSimultaneity;
        public int mType;
        public RadioAttributes(String init) {
            String fragments[] = init.split(",");
            mType = Integer.parseInt(fragments[0]);
            mSimultaneity = Integer.parseInt(fragments[1]);
        }
    }

网络有优先级之分，优先级高的先被执行，这是通过如下代码进行分配的：

        // high priority first
        mPriorityList = new int[mNetworksDefined];
        {
            int insertionPoint = mNetworksDefined-1;
            int currentLowest = 0;
            int nextLowest = 0;
            while (insertionPoint > -1) {
                for (NetworkAttributes na : mNetAttributes) {
                    if (na == null) continue;
                    if (na.mPriority < currentLowest) continue;
                    if (na.mPriority > currentLowest) {
                        if (na.mPriority < nextLowest || nextLowest == 0) {
                            nextLowest = na.mPriority;
                        }
                        continue;
                    }
                    mPriorityList[insertionPoint--] = na.mType;
                }
                currentLowest = nextLowest;
                nextLowest = 0;
            }
        }
        

其中，TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI的优先级最高，其次为TYPE_MOBILE_MMS，TYPE_MOBILE_SUPL，TYPE_MOBILE_DUN，
优先级最低的为TYPE_WIFI，TYPE_MOBILE。TYPE_WIFI，TYPE_MOBILE两个网络类型中，TYPE_WIFI大于TYPE_MOBILE的优先级

在打开wifi的连接后，mobile网络会被关闭。wifi网络连接关闭后，mobile网络会重新连接.
在处理网络连接的Handler的代码中有处理：

   private void handleConnect(NetworkInfo info) {
        int type = info.getType();

        // snapshot isFailover, because sendConnectedBroadcast() resets it
        boolean isFailover = info.isFailover();
        NetworkStateTracker thisNet = mNetTrackers[type];

        // if this is a default net and other default is running
        // kill the one not preferred
        if (mNetAttributes[type].isDefault()) {
            if (mActiveDefaultNetwork != -1 && mActiveDefaultNetwork != type) {
                if ((type != mNetworkPreference &&
                        mNetAttributes[mActiveDefaultNetwork].mPriority >
                        mNetAttributes[type].mPriority) ||
                        mNetworkPreference == mActiveDefaultNetwork) {
                        // don't accept this one
                        if (DBG) Slog.v(TAG, "Not broadcasting CONNECT_ACTION " +
                                "to torn down network " + info.getTypeName());
                        teardown(thisNet);
                        return;
                } else {
                    // tear down the other
                    NetworkStateTracker otherNet =
                            mNetTrackers[mActiveDefaultNetwork];
                    if (DBG) Slog.v(TAG, "Policy requires " +
                            otherNet.getNetworkInfo().getTypeName() +
                            " teardown");
                    if (!teardown(otherNet)) {
                        Slog.e(TAG, "Network declined teardown request");
                        return;
                    }
                    if (isFailover) {
                        otherNet.releaseWakeLock();
                    }
                }
            }
            mActiveDefaultNetwork = type;
            // this will cause us to come up initially as unconnected and switching
            // to connected after our normal pause unless somebody reports us as reall
            // disconnected
            mDefaultInetConditionPublished = 0;
            mDefaultConnectionSequence++;
            mInetConditionChangeInFlight = false;
            // Don't do this - if we never sign in stay, grey
            //reportNetworkCondition(mActiveDefaultNetwork, 100);
        }
        thisNet.setTeardownRequested(false);
        thisNet.updateNetworkSettings();
        handleConnectivityChange(type);
        sendConnectedBroadcast(info);
    }

因此请注意，由于WIFI优先级高于ETH网络，如果wifi被开启，可以eth就会被关闭掉，而如果我们想在
这两者同时存在，那么在调用teardown(NetworkStateTracker)函数前进行判定即可。

2、启个各类网络监控器服务代码,这里以wifi为例
在ConnectivityService的构造函数中启动网络监视器的代码

      /*
         * Create the network state trackers for Wi-Fi and mobile
         * data. Maybe this could be done with a factory class,
         * but it's not clear that it's worth it, given that
         * the number of different network types is not going
         * to change very often.
         */
        boolean noMobileData = !getMobileDataEnabled();
        for (int netType : mPriorityList) {
            switch (mNetAttributes[netType].mRadio) {
            case ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI:
                if (DBG) Slog.v(TAG, "Starting Wifi Service.");
                WifiStateTracker wst = new WifiStateTracker(context, mHandler);
                WifiService wifiService = new WifiService(context, wst);
                ServiceManager.addService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE, wifiService);
                wifiService.startWifi();
                mNetTrackers[ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI] = wst;
                wst.startMonitoring();
                break;	
		...

在settings中可以设置网络连接，比如打开wifi，打开bluetooth,设置apn的连接等等，在设置完成后,设置的消息会存在一个数据库中保存，并发送系统消息来广播网络设置的变化。

在网络监视器中捕捉了settings中发出的相应的网络广播信息，网络监视器中注册了settings中网络变化的信息，有变化会做相应的处理，并将处理的结果存储在NetworkInfo类的一个对象中，在ConnectivityService中通过

public NetworkInfo getNetworkInfo(int networkType)方法可以得知当前networkType类型网络的连接情况。

3、 应用监控
在app中，我们可以通过 ConnectivityManager 来获取当前的网络信息，并能指定当前程序需要的网络类型：
ConnectivityManager mCnn = context.getSystemService(context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
NetworkInfo mNetinfo = mCnn.getActiveNetworkInfo();
mCnn.setNetworkPreference(int preference);//设定首选网络类型。
假如没有设定，网络类型为系统默认。在wifi，3G网络同时存在的情况下，系统会默认的调用wifi网络，加载wifi的驱动，走wifi网络。

4、下面详细分析一下wifi网络信息

wifi 图示层次：

ConnectivityService 的构造函数会将 WifiService 添加到 ServiceManager 中，使之需要服务者可以访问。

mWifiStateTracker = new WifiStateTracker(context, handler);
WifiService wifiService = new WifiService(context, mWifiStateTracker);
ServiceManager.addService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE, wifiService);

WifiStateTracker 会创建 WifiMonitor 接收来自底层的事件,WifiService 和 WifiMonitor 是整个模块的核心。
WifiService 负责启动关闭 wpa_supplicant、启动关闭 WifiMonitor 监视线程
和把命令下发给 wpa_supplicant,而 WifiMonitor 则负责从 wpa_supplicant 接收事件通知。

连接 AP:
1. 使能 WIFI
WirelessSettings 在初始化的时候配置了由 WifiEnabler 来处理 Wifi 按钮,
当用户按下 Wifi 按钮后, Android 会调用 WifiEnabler 的 onPreferenceChange,
再由 WifiEnabler 调用 WifiManager 的 setWifiEnabled 接口函数,通过 AIDL,实际调用的是 WifiService 的
setWifiEnabled 函数,WifiService 接着向自身发送一条 MESSAGE_ENABLE_WIFI 消息,
在处理该消息的代码中做真正的使能工作:

    @Override
    public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
        switch (msg.what) {


            case MESSAGE_ENABLE_WIFI:
                setWifiEnabledBlocking(true, msg.arg1 == 1, msg.arg2);
                if (mWifiWatchdogService == null) {
                    mWifiWatchdogService = new WifiWatchdogService(mContext, mWifiStateTracker);
                }
                sWakeLock.release();
                break;

首先装载 WIFI 内核模块(该模块的位置硬编码为"/system/lib/modules/wlan.ko" ), 然后启动 wpa_supplicant
(配置文件硬编码为"/data/misc/wifi/wpa_supplicant.conf") 再通过 WifiStateTracker 来启动
WifiMonitor 中的监视线程。

    private boolean setWifiEnabledBlocking(boolean enable, boolean persist, int uid) {
				...
        setWifiEnabledState(enable ? WIFI_STATE_ENABLING : WIFI_STATE_DISABLING, uid);


        if (enable) {
            if (!mWifiStateTracker.loadDriver()) {
                Slog.e(TAG, "Failed to load Wi-Fi driver.");
                setWifiEnabledState(WIFI_STATE_UNKNOWN, uid);
                return false;
            }
            if (!mWifiStateTracker.startSupplicant()) {
                mWifiStateTracker.unloadDriver();
                Slog.e(TAG, "Failed to start supplicant daemon.");
                setWifiEnabledState(WIFI_STATE_UNKNOWN, uid);
                return false;
            }


            registerForBroadcasts();
            mWifiStateTracker.startEventLoop();
        }

当使能成功后,会广播发送 WIFI_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION 这个 Intent 通知外界 WIFI 已经成功使能了


// Broadcast
final Intent intent = new Intent(WifiManager.WIFI_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION);
intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_REGISTERED_ONLY_BEFORE_BOOT);
mContext.sendStickyBroadcast(intent);


WifiEnabler 创建的时候就会向 Android 注册接收

    /**
     * Registers to receive the necessary Wi-Fi broadcasts.
     */
    private void registerForWifiBroadcasts() {
        IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
        intentFilter.addAction(WifiManager.NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION);
        intentFilter.addAction(WifiManager.WIFI_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION);
        mContext.registerReceiver(mReceiver, intentFilter);
    }

WIFI_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION,因此它会收到该 Intent,从而开始扫描。

    /**
     * see {@link android.net.wifi.WifiManager#startScan()}
     */
    public void startScan(boolean forceActive) {
        enforceChangePermission();
        if (mWifiHandler == null) return;


        Message.obtain(mWifiHandler, MESSAGE_START_SCAN, forceActive ? 1 : 0, 0).sendToTarget();
    }

2. 查找 AP

扫描的入口函数是 WifiService 的 startScan,它其实也就是往 wpa_supplicant 发送 SCAN 命令。

static jboolean android_net_wifi_scanCommand(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz, jboolean forceActive)
{
    jboolean result;


    // Ignore any error from setting the scan mode.
    // The scan will still work.
    if (forceActive && !sScanModeActive)
        doSetScanMode(true);
    result = doBooleanCommand("SCAN", "OK");
    if (forceActive && !sScanModeActive)
        doSetScanMode(sScanModeActive);
    return result;
}

当 wpa_supplicant 处理完 SCAN 命令后,它会向控制通道发送事件通知扫描完成,从而wifi_wait_for_event 函数会接收到该事件,由此 WifiMonitor 中的 MonitorThread 会被执行来出来这个事件

static jstring android_net_wifi_waitForEvent(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
{
    char buf[256];


    int nread = ::wifi_wait_for_event(buf, sizeof buf);
    if (nread > 0) {
        return env->NewStringUTF(buf);
    } else {
        return  env->NewStringUTF(NULL);
    }
}


void handleEvent(int event, String remainder) {
   case SCAN_RESULTS:
         mWifiStateTracker.notifyScanResultsAvailable();
         break;

WifiStateTracker 则接着广播发送 SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE_ACTION 这个 Intent
case EVENT_SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE:
mContext.sendBroadcast(new Intent(WifiManager.SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE_ACTION));


WifiLayer 注册了接收 SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE_ACTION 这个 Intent,所以它的相关
处理函数 handleScanResultsAvailable 会被调用,在该函数中,先会去拿到 SCAN 的结果
(最终是往 wpa_supplicant 发送 SCAN_RESULT 命令并读取返回值来实现的) ,


List<ScanResult> list = mWifiManager.getScanResults();


对每一个扫描返回的 AP,WifiLayer 会调用 WifiSettings 的 onAccessPointSetChanged 函数,
从而最终把该 AP 加到 GUI 显示列表中。

     public void onAccessPointSetChanged(AccessPointState ap, boolean added) {
          AccessPointPreference pref = mAps.get(ap);
          if (added) {
                if (pref == null) {
                      pref = new AccessPointPreference(this, ap);
                      mAps.put(ap, pref);
                } else {
                      pref.setEnabled(true);
                }


                mApCategory.addPreference(pref);
          }
     }

3. 配置 AP 参数


当用户在 WifiSettings 界面上选择了一个 AP 后,会显示配置 AP 参数的一个对话框,

public boolean onPreferenceTreeClick(PreferenceScreen preferenceScreen, Preference
					preference) {
          if (preference instanceof AccessPointPreference) {
                AccessPointState state=((AccessPointPreference)preference).getAccessPointState();
                showAccessPointDialog(state, AccessPointDialog.MODE_INFO);
          }
     }

4. 连接


当用户在 AcessPointDialog 中选择好加密方式和输入密钥之后,再点击连接按钮,Android就会去连接这个 AP。

     private void handleConnect() {
          String password = getEnteredPassword();
          if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(password)) {
                mState.setPassword(password);
          }


          mWifiLayer.connectToNetwork(mState);
     }

WifiLayer 会先检测这个 AP 是不是之前被配置过,这个是通过向 wpa_supplicant 发送LIST_NETWORK 命令并且比较返回值来实现的,
// Need WifiConfiguration for the AP
WifiConfiguration config = findConfiguredNetwork(state);

如果 wpa_supplicant 没有这个 AP 的配置信息则会向 wpa_supplicant 发送 ADD_NETWORK 命令来添加该 AP,

if (config == null) {
// Connecting for the first time, need to create it
config = addConfiguration(state,ADD_CONFIGURATION_ENABLE|ADD_CONFIGURATION_SAVE);


}


ADD_NETWORK 命 令 会 返 回 一 个 ID , WifiLayer 再 用 这 个 返 回 的 ID 作 为 参 数 向
wpa_supplicant 发送 ENABLE_NETWORK 命令,从而让 wpa_supplicant 去连接该 AP。
// Make sure that network is enabled, and disable others
mReenableApsOnNetworkStateChange = true;


if (!mWifiManager.enableNetwork(state.networkId, true)) {
Log.e(TAG, "Could not enable network ID " + state.networkId);
error(R.string.error_connecting);
return false;
}


5. 配置 IP 地址

当 wpa_supplicant 成功连接上 AP 之后,它会向控制通道发送事件通知连接上 AP 了,从而
wifi_wait_for_event 函数会接收到该事件,由此 WifiMonitor 中的 MonitorThread 会被执行来
出来这个事件,
void handleEvent(int event, String remainder) {
case CONNECTED:
handleNetworkStateChange(NetworkInfo.DetailedState.CONNECTED,remainder);
break;


WifiMonitor 再调用 WifiStateTracker 的 notifyStateChange,WifiStateTracker 则接着会往自身
发送 EVENT_DHCP_START 消息来启动 DHCP 去获取 IP 地址,

     private void handleConnectedState() {
          setPollTimer();
          mLastSignalLevel = -1;
          if (!mHaveIPAddress && !mObtainingIPAddress) {
                mObtainingIPAddress = true;
                mDhcpTarget.obtainMessage(EVENT_DHCP_START).sendToTarget();
          }
     }

然后再广播发送 NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION 这个 Intent
case EVENT_NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED:
if (result.state != DetailedState.DISCONNECTED || !mDisconnectPending) {
intent = new Intent(WifiManager.NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION);
intent.putExtra(WifiManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_INFO,mNetworkInfo);
if (result.BSSID != null)
intent.putExtra(WifiManager.EXTRA_BSSID, result.BSSID);
mContext.sendStickyBroadcast(intent);
}
break;


WifiLayer 注册了接收 NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION 这个 Intent,所以它的相关处理函数 handleNetworkStateChanged 会被调用,
当 DHCP 拿到 IP 地址之后,会再发送 EVENT_DHCP_SUCCEEDED 消息,

     private class DhcpHandler extends Handler {
          public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
                switch (msg.what) {
                     case EVENT_DHCP_START:
                          if (NetworkUtils.runDhcp(mInterfaceName, mDhcpInfo)) {
                                event = EVENT_DHCP_SUCCEEDED;
                           }

WifiLayer 处 理 EVENT_DHCP_SUCCEEDED 消息 , 会再次广播发送NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION 这个 Intent,这次带上完整的 IP 地址信息。

      case EVENT_DHCP_SUCCEEDED:
           mWifiInfo.setIpAddress(mDhcpInfo.ipAddress);
           setDetailedState(DetailedState.CONNECTED);
           intent =new Intent(WifiManager.NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION);
           intent.putExtra(WifiManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_INFO, mNetworkInfo);
           mContext.sendStickyBroadcast(intent);
           break;

至此为止,整个连接过程完成。