Android[高级教程] Android数据库SQLite表内设置外键

介绍：

安卓默认的数据是SQLite，但SQLite3.6.19之前是不支持外键的，如果有两张表需要关联，用外键是最省事的，但不支持的话怎么办呢？这里就有一个解决办法，就是用事务将两张表关联起来，并且最后生成一张视图。

现有两张表

1. Employees
2. Dept

视图

1. ViewEmps:显示雇员信息和他所在的部门

创建数据库

自定义一个辅助类继承SQLiteOpenHelper类

1. onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db):当数据库被创建的时候，能够生成表，并创建视图跟触发器。

2. onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabse db, int oldVersion, int newVersion):更新的时候可以删除表和创建新的表。

代码如下：public class DatabaseHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper { static final String dbName="demoDB"; static final String employeeTable="Employees"; static final String colID="EmployeeID"; static final String colName="EmployeeName"; static final String colAge="Age"; static final String colDept="Dept"; static final String deptTable="Dept"; static final String colDeptID="DeptID"; static final String colDeptName="DeptName"; static final String viewEmps="ViewEmps";构造器

public DatabaseHelper(Context context) { super(context, dbName, null,33); }创建库中的表，视图和触发器

public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub db.execSQL("CREATE TABLE "+deptTable+" ("+colDeptID+ " INTEGER PRIMARY KEY , "+ colDeptName+ " TEXT)"); db.execSQL("CREATE TABLE "+employeeTable+" ("+colID+" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, "+ colName+" TEXT, "+colAge+" Integer, "+colDept+" INTEGER NOT NULL ,FOREIGN KEY ("+colDept+") REFERENCES "+deptTable+" ("+colDeptID+"));"); //创建触发器 db.execSQL("CREATE TRIGGER fk_empdept_deptid " + " BEFORE INSERT "+ " ON "+employeeTable+ " FOR EACH ROW BEGIN"+ " SELECT CASE WHEN ((SELECT "+colDeptID+" FROM "+deptTable+" WHERE "+colDeptID+"=new."+colDept+" ) IS NULL)"+ " THEN RAISE (ABORT,'Foreign Key Violation') END;"+ " END;"); //创建视图 db.execSQL("CREATE VIEW "+viewEmps+ " AS SELECT "+employeeTable+"."+colID+" AS _id,"+ " "+employeeTable+"."+colName+","+ " "+employeeTable+"."+colAge+","+ " "+deptTable+"."+colDeptName+""+ " FROM "+employeeTable+" JOIN "+deptTable+ " ON "+employeeTable+"."+colDept+" ="+deptTable+"."+colDeptID ); }
更新库中的表

public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS "+employeeTable); db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS "+deptTable); db.execSQL("DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS fk_empdept_deptid"); db.execSQL("DROP VIEW IF EXISTS "+viewEmps); onCreate(db); }

加入数据

SQLiteDatabase db=this.getWritableDatabase(); ContentValues cv=new ContentValues(); cv.put(colDeptID, 1); cv.put(colDeptName, "Sales"); db.insert(deptTable, colDeptID, cv); cv.put(colDeptID, 2); cv.put(colDeptName, "IT"); db.insert(deptTable, colDeptID, cv); db.close();
更新数据

public int UpdateEmp(Employee emp) { SQLiteDatabase db=this.getWritableDatabase(); ContentValues cv=new ContentValues(); cv.put(colName, emp.getName()); cv.put(colAge, emp.getAge()); cv.put(colDept, emp.getDept()); return db.update(employeeTable, cv, colID+"=?", new String []{String.valueOf(emp.getID())}); }
删除数据

public void DeleteEmp(Employee emp) { SQLiteDatabase db=this.getWritableDatabase(); db.delete(employeeTable,colID+"=?", new String [] {String.valueOf(emp.getID())}); db.close(); }
取得所有部门信息

Cursor getAllDepts() { SQLiteDatabase db=this.getReadableDatabase(); Cursor cur=db.rawQuery("SELECT "+colDeptID+" as _id, "+colDeptName+" from "+deptTable,new String [] {}); return cur; }
取得部门内雇员信息

public Cursor getEmpByDept(String Dept) { SQLiteDatabase db=this.getReadableDatabase(); String [] columns=new String[]{"_id",colName,colAge,colDeptName}; Cursor c=db.query(viewEmps, columns, colDeptName+"=?", new String[]{Dept}, null, null, null); return c; }
取得部门ID

public int GetDeptID(String Dept) { SQLiteDatabase db=this.getReadableDatabase(); Cursor c=db.query(deptTable, new String[]{colDeptID+" as _id",colDeptName}, colDeptName+"=?", new String[]{Dept}, null, null, null); //Cursor c=db.rawQuery("SELECT "+colDeptID+" as _id FROM "+deptTable+" //WHERE "+colDeptName+"=?", new String []{Dept}); c.moveToFirst(); return c.getInt(c.getColumnIndex("_id")); }

上面部门和雇员信息的表因为实现的关联，所以更新和删除都会对对应的信息更新。

原网页： http://www.codeproject.com/KB/android/AndroidSQLite.aspx#