Gcc也不是神，不可全信

这两天在调试一个奇怪的软件问题的时候，发现了GCC也会生成错误代码，所以，Gcc也不是神，不可全信

问题现象：

同一段代码，同一个程序， 在Fedora13里编译生成目标程序，可以正常运行。 在雨林木风3.0里编译生成的目标程序，运行就出“段错误”。

反复测试都是这个现象，最后将问题定位到一个函数的内部。使用gdb跟踪发现生成的代码有差异：

Fedora13 gcc 版本：

gcc (GCC) 4.4.4 20100503 (Red Hat 4.4.4-2)

gdb关键部分调试输出：

(gdb) x /16i $pc
=> 0x80496ab <zh_han7shU0sheg1mig1+493>:sub $0x8,%esp
0x80496ae <zh_han7shU0sheg1mig1+496>:lea -0x120(%ebp),%eax
0x80496b4 <zh_han7shU0sheg1mig1+502>:push %eax
0x80496b5 <zh_han7shU0sheg1mig1+503>:push $0x805be54
0x80496ba <zh_han7shU0sheg1mig1+508>:
call 0x804e7c9 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1>
0x80496bf <zh_han7shU0sheg1mig1+513>:add $0x10,%esp
0x80496c2 <zh_han7shU0sheg1mig1+516>:mov 0x80e5f70,%al

。。。 。。。
(gdb)

(gdb) x /16i $pc
=> 0x804e7c9 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1>:push %ebp
0x804e7ca <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+1>:mov %esp,%ebp
0x804e7cc <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+3>:sub $0x118,%esp
0x804e7d2 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+9>:movl $0x0,-0xc(%ebp)
0x804e7d9 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+16>:mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax
0x804e7dc <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+19>:test %eax,%eax
0x804e7de <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+21>:
jne 0x804e7ea <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+33>
0x804e7e0 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+23>:mov $0x0,%eax
0x804e7e5 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+28>:
jmp 0x804e887 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+190>
0x804e7ea <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+33>:mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax
0x804e7ed <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+36>:sub $0xc,%esp
0x804e7f0 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+39>:push %eax
0x804e7f1 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+40>:
call 0x8052b86 <zh_Zi5Fu0chuan6chag5Du2>
0x804e7f6 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+45>:add $0x10,%esp
0x804e7f9 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+48>:mov %eax,-0x18(%ebp)
0x804e7fc <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+51>:mov -0x18(%ebp),%eax
(gdb)
0x804e7ff <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+54>:lea 0x1(%eax),%edx
0x804e802 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+57>:sub $0x8,%esp
0x804e805 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+60>:push $0x3b6
0x804e80a <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+65>:push $0x805cd71
0x804e80f <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+70>:lea -0x18(%ebp),%eax
0x804e812 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+73>:push %eax
0x804e813 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+74>:push %edx
0x804e814 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+75>:push $0x100
0x804e819 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+80>:lea -0x118(%ebp),%eax
0x804e81f <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+86>:push %eax
0x804e820 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+87>:
call 0x804ff18 <zh_nei3cun1_tiao2jiAn1fen4pei6>
0x804e825 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+92>:add $0x20,%esp
0x804e828 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+95>:mov %eax,-0xc(%ebp)
0x804e82b <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+98>:mov -0x18(%ebp),%eax
0x804e82e <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+101>:mov %eax,%edx
0x804e830 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+103>:mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax
(gdb)
0x804e833 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+106>:sub $0x4,%esp
0x804e836 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+109>:push %edx
0x804e837 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+110>:pushl -0xc(%ebp)
0x804e83a <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+113>:push %eax
0x804e83b <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+114>:
call 0x804dff9 <zh_guo2biao0Ge1sHi4zhuan3C_Ge1sHi4>
0x804e840 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+119>:add $0x10,%esp
0x804e843 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+122>:lea 0x8(%ebp),%eax
0x804e846 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+125>:add $0x4,%eax
0x804e849 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+128>:mov %eax,-0x10(%ebp)
0x804e84c <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+131>:mov -0xc(%ebp),%eax
0x804e84f <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+134>:sub $0x8,%esp
0x804e852 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+137>:pushl -0x10(%ebp)
0x804e855 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+140>:push %eax
0x804e856 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+141>:call 0x8048e00 <vprintf@plt>
0x804e85b <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+146>:add $0x10,%esp
0x804e85e <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+149>:mov %eax,-0x14(%ebp)
(gdb)
0x804e861 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+152>:movl $0x0,-0x10(%ebp)
0x804e868 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+159>:push $0x3bd
0x804e86d <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+164>:push $0x805cd71
0x804e872 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+169>:pushl -0xc(%ebp)
0x804e875 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+172>:lea -0x118(%ebp),%eax
0x804e87b <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+178>:push %eax
0x804e87c <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+179>:
call 0x804ffba <zh_nei3cun1_tiao2jiAn1ShI0Fag0>
0x804e881 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+184>:add $0x10,%esp
0x804e884 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+187>:mov -0x14(%ebp),%eax
0x804e887 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+190>:leave
0x804e888 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+191>:ret
0x804e889 <zh_xI8Ge1sHi4shu5chu1>:push %ebp
0x804e88a <zh_xI8Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+1>:mov %esp,%ebp
0x804e88c <zh_xI8Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+3>:sub $0x18,%esp
0x804e88f <zh_xI8Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+6>:mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax
0x804e892 <zh_xI8Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+9>:test %eax,%eax
(gdb)

雨林木风3.0 Gcc版本：

gcc (Ubuntu 4.4.3-4ubuntu5) 4.4.3

gdb关键部分调试输出：

(gdb) x /16i $pc
=> 0x804970b <zh_han7shU0sheg1mig1+493>:sub $0x8,%esp
0x804970e <zh_han7shU0sheg1mig1+496>:lea -0x120(%ebp),%eax
0x8049714 <zh_han7shU0sheg1mig1+502>:push %eax
0x8049715 <zh_han7shU0sheg1mig1+503>:push $0x805c8f4
0x804971a <zh_han7shU0sheg1mig1+508>:
call 0x804eb9f <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1>
0x804971f <zh_han7shU0sheg1mig1+513>:add $0x10,%esp
0x8049722 <zh_han7shU0sheg1mig1+516>:mov 0x80e6f70,%al
0x8049727 <zh_han7shU0sheg1mig1+521>:test %al,%al
0x8049729 <zh_han7shU0sheg1mig1+523>:
jne 0x80497a8 <zh_han7shU0sheg1mig1+650>
0x804972b <zh_han7shU0sheg1mig1+525>:sub $0xc,%esp
0x804972e <zh_han7shU0sheg1mig1+528>:push $0x805c97c
0x8049733 <zh_han7shU0sheg1mig1+533>:
call 0x804dc14 <zh_shu5chu1Zi5Fu0chuan6big8huan5Xig0>
0x8049738 <zh_han7shU0sheg1mig1+538>:add $0x10,%esp
0x804973b <zh_han7shU0sheg1mig1+541>:sub $0xc,%esp
0x804973e <zh_han7shU0sheg1mig1+544>:push $0x805ca04
0x8049743 <zh_han7shU0sheg1mig1+549>:
call 0x804dc14 <zh_shu5chu1Zi5Fu0chuan6big8huan5Xig0>
(gdb)

(gdb) x /16i $pc
=> 0x804eb9f <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1>:push %ebp
0x804eba0 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+1>:mov %esp,%ebp
0x804eba2 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+3>:sub $0x138,%esp
0x804eba8 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+9>:mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax
0x804ebab <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+12>:mov %eax,-0x12c(%ebp)
0x804ebb1 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+18>:mov %gs:0x14,%eax
0x804ebb7 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+24>:mov %eax,-0xc(%ebp)
0x804ebba <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+27>:xor %eax,%eax
0x804ebbc <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+29>:movl $0x0,-0x11c(%ebp)
0x804ebc6 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+39>:mov -0x12c(%ebp),%eax
0x804ebcc <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+45>:test %eax,%eax
0x804ebce <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+47>:
jne 0x804ebda <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+59>
0x804ebd0 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+49>:mov $0x0,%eax
0x804ebd5 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+54>:
jmp 0x804eca7 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+264>
0x804ebda <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+59>:mov -0x12c(%ebp),%eax
0x804ebe0 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+65>:sub $0xc,%esp
(gdb)
0x804ebe3 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+68>:push %eax
0x804ebe4 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+69>:
call 0x805351e <zh_Zi5Fu0chuan6chag5Du2>
0x804ebe9 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+74>:add $0x10,%esp
0x804ebec <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+77>:mov %eax,-0x114(%ebp)
0x804ebf2 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+83>:mov -0x114(%ebp),%eax
0x804ebf8 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+89>:lea 0x1(%eax),%edx
0x804ebfb <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+92>:sub $0x8,%esp
0x804ebfe <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+95>:push $0x3b6
0x804ec03 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+100>:push $0x805d811
0x804ec08 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+105>:lea -0x114(%ebp),%eax
0x804ec0e <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+111>:push %eax
0x804ec0f <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+112>:push %edx
0x804ec10 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+113>:push $0x100
0x804ec15 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+118>:lea -0x10c(%ebp),%eax
0x804ec1b <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+124>:push %eax
0x804ec1c <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+125>:
call 0x8050869 <zh_nei3cun1_tiao2jiAn1fen4pei6>
(gdb)
0x804ec21 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+130>:add $0x20,%esp
0x804ec24 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+133>:mov %eax,-0x11c(%ebp)
0x804ec2a <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+139>:mov -0x114(%ebp),%eax
0x804ec30 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+145>:mov %eax,%edx
0x804ec32 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+147>:mov -0x12c(%ebp),%eax
0x804ec38 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+153>:sub $0x4,%esp
0x804ec3b <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+156>:push %edx
0x804ec3c <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+157>:pushl -0x11c(%ebp)
0x804ec42 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+163>:push %eax
0x804ec43 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+164>:
call 0x804e0e0 <zh_guo2biao0Ge1sHi4zhuan3C_Ge1sHi4>
0x804ec48 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+169>:add $0x10,%esp
0x804ec4b <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+172>:lea -0x12c(%ebp),%eax
0x804ec51 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+178>:add $0x4,%eax
0x804ec54 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+181>:mov %eax,-0x118(%ebp)
0x804ec5a <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+187>:mov -0x11c(%ebp),%eax
0x804ec60 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+193>:sub $0x8,%esp
(gdb)
0x804ec63 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+196>:pushl -0x118(%ebp)
0x804ec69 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+202>:push %eax
0x804ec6a <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+203>:call 0x8048e48 <vprintf@plt>
0x804ec6f <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+208>:add $0x10,%esp
0x804ec72 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+211>:mov %eax,-0x110(%ebp)
0x804ec78 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+217>:movl $0x0,-0x118(%ebp)
0x804ec82 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+227>:push $0x3bd
0x804ec87 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+232>:push $0x805d811
0x804ec8c <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+237>:pushl -0x11c(%ebp)
0x804ec92 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+243>:lea -0x10c(%ebp),%eax
0x804ec98 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+249>:push %eax
0x804ec99 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+250>:
call 0x805090b <zh_nei3cun1_tiao2jiAn1ShI0Fag0>
0x804ec9e <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+255>:add $0x10,%esp
0x804eca1 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+258>:mov -0x110(%ebp),%eax
0x804eca7 <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+264>:mov -0xc(%ebp),%edx
0x804ecaa <zh_Ge1sHi4shu5chu1+267>:xor %gs:0x14,%edx
(gdb)

上面蓝色是正确的， 红色是错误的。

大家以后在使用中，要注意规避这个版本的GCC。