在发布/订阅模式中，特别是现实应用中，总会因为这样那样的问题导致订阅者丢失了所需的数据，如此，便有了重新获得的需求。通常来说，这个会由订阅者来完成，不过"千百个哈姆雷特"从工程的角度来看,实在不忍睹，完全违背了"复用"的概念。于是乎，"克隆模式"便呼之待出了。在发布端存储下这些消息，为了避免队列的堆积这样的杯具，也为了更好的订阅体验，kev-value似乎是不错的选择。
注意：这里的kev-value并非目前红火的nosql(虽然有些类似)，可以理解成发布者的数据仓库（应该可以这么理解吧）。
为了简单明了，这里将会对整个机制做一个拆解。
[b]更新数据的存储[/b]
模型图：
[img]https://github.com/imatix/zguide/raw/master/images/fig68.png[/img]
服务器：
客户端：
key-value库：
[b]根据key获取数据[/b]
其实，当订阅者可以发出key来获取数据的时候，它已经不是一个纯粹的订阅者了，或许客户端的称谓会更合适些。
模型图:
[img]https://github.com/imatix/zguide/raw/master/images/fig69.png[/img]
服务器：
客户端：
[b]重新发布更新[/b]
上面的模型中，数据都集中在一点，或许会有服务器崩溃而导致数据丢失的顾虑，那么，把数据放到客户端呢？
模型图：
[img]https://github.com/imatix/zguide/raw/master/images/fig70.png[/img]
服务器：
客户端：
[b]克隆子树[/b]
事实上，并不是所有的消费者都愿意消费发布者所提供的所有信息，那么，针对特别的群体，只需提供一个子集就可以了。
服务器：
客户端：
(未完待续)
注意：这里的kev-value并非目前红火的nosql(虽然有些类似)，可以理解成发布者的数据仓库（应该可以这么理解吧）。
为了简单明了，这里将会对整个机制做一个拆解。
[b]更新数据的存储[/b]
模型图：
[img]https://github.com/imatix/zguide/raw/master/images/fig68.png[/img]
服务器：
//
// Clone server Model One
//
// Lets us build this source without creating a library
#include "kvsimple.c"
int main (void)
{
// Prepare our context and publisher socket
zctx_t *ctx = zctx_new ();
void *publisher = zsocket_new (ctx, ZMQ_PUB);
zsocket_bind (publisher, "tcp://*:5556");
zclock_sleep (200);
zhash_t *kvmap = zhash_new ();
int64_t sequence = 0;
srandom ((unsigned) time (NULL));
while (!zctx_interrupted) {
// Distribute as key-value message
kvmsg_t *kvmsg = kvmsg_new (++sequence);
kvmsg_fmt_key (kvmsg, "%d", randof (10000));
kvmsg_fmt_body (kvmsg, "%d", randof (1000000));
kvmsg_send (kvmsg, publisher);
kvmsg_store (&kvmsg, kvmap);
}
printf (" Interrupted\n%d messages out\n", (int) sequence);
zhash_destroy (&kvmap);
zctx_destroy (&ctx);
return 0;
}
客户端：
//
// Clone client Model One
//
// Lets us build this source without creating a library
#include "kvsimple.c"
int main (void)
{
// Prepare our context and updates socket
zctx_t *ctx = zctx_new ();
void *updates = zsocket_new (ctx, ZMQ_SUB);
zsocket_connect (updates, "tcp://localhost:5556");
zhash_t *kvmap = zhash_new ();
int64_t sequence = 0;
while (TRUE) {
kvmsg_t *kvmsg = kvmsg_recv (updates);
if (!kvmsg)
break; // Interrupted
kvmsg_store (&kvmsg, kvmap);
sequence++;
}
printf (" Interrupted\n%d messages in\n", (int) sequence);
zhash_destroy (&kvmap);
zctx_destroy (&ctx);
return 0;
}
key-value库：
/* =====================================================================
kvsimple - simple key-value message class for example applications
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright (c) 1991-2011 iMatix Corporation <www.imatix.com>
Copyright other contributors as noted in the AUTHORS file.
This file is part of the ZeroMQ Guide: http://zguide.zeromq.org
This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at
your option) any later version.
This software is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
Lesser General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
License along with this program. If not, see
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
=====================================================================
*/
#include "kvsimple.h"
#include "zlist.h"
// Keys are short strings
#define KVMSG_KEY_MAX 255
// Message is formatted on wire as 4 frames:
// frame 0: key (0MQ string)
// frame 1: sequence (8 bytes, network order)
// frame 2: body (blob)
#define FRAME_KEY 0
#define FRAME_SEQ 1
#define FRAME_BODY 2
#define KVMSG_FRAMES 3
// Structure of our class
struct _kvmsg {
// Presence indicators for each frame
int present [KVMSG_FRAMES];
// Corresponding 0MQ message frames, if any
zmq_msg_t frame [KVMSG_FRAMES];
// Key, copied into safe C string
char key [KVMSG_KEY_MAX + 1];
};
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
// Constructor, sets sequence as provided
kvmsg_t *
kvmsg_new (int64_t sequence)
{
kvmsg_t
*self;
self = (kvmsg_t *) zmalloc (sizeof (kvmsg_t));
kvmsg_set_sequence (self, sequence);
return self;
}
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
// Destructor
// Free shim, compatible with zhash_free_fn
void
kvmsg_free (void *ptr)
{
if (ptr) {
kvmsg_t *self = (kvmsg_t *) ptr;
// Destroy message frames if any
int frame_nbr;
for (frame_nbr = 0; frame_nbr < KVMSG_FRAMES; frame_nbr++)
if (self->present [frame_nbr])
zmq_msg_close (&self->frame [frame_nbr]);
// Free object itself
free (self);
}
}
void
kvmsg_destroy (kvmsg_t **self_p)
{
assert (self_p);
if (*self_p) {
kvmsg_free (*self_p);
*self_p = NULL;
}
}
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
// Reads key-value message from socket, returns new kvmsg instance.
kvmsg_t *
kvmsg_recv (void *socket)
{
assert (socket);
kvmsg_t *self = kvmsg_new (0);
// Read all frames off the wire, reject if bogus
int frame_nbr;
for (frame_nbr = 0; frame_nbr < KVMSG_FRAMES; frame_nbr++) {
if (self->present [frame_nbr])
zmq_msg_close (&self->frame [frame_nbr]);
zmq_msg_init (&self->frame [frame_nbr]);
self->present [frame_nbr] = 1;
if (zmq_recvmsg (socket, &self->frame [frame_nbr], 0) == -1) {
kvmsg_destroy (&self);
break;
}
// Verify multipart framing
int rcvmore = (frame_nbr < KVMSG_FRAMES - 1)? 1: 0;
if (zsockopt_rcvmore (socket) != rcvmore) {
kvmsg_destroy (&self);
break;
}
}
return self;
}
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
// Send key-value message to socket; any empty frames are sent as such.
void
kvmsg_send (kvmsg_t *self, void *socket)
{
assert (self);
assert (socket);
int frame_nbr;
for (frame_nbr = 0; frame_nbr < KVMSG_FRAMES; frame_nbr++) {
zmq_msg_t copy;
zmq_msg_init (©);
if (self->present [frame_nbr])
zmq_msg_copy (©, &self->frame [frame_nbr]);
zmq_sendmsg (socket, ©,
(frame_nbr < KVMSG_FRAMES - 1)? ZMQ_SNDMORE: 0);
zmq_msg_close (©);
}
}
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
// Return key from last read message, if any, else NULL
char *
kvmsg_key (kvmsg_t *self)
{
assert (self);
if (self->present [FRAME_KEY]) {
if (!*self->key) {
size_t size = zmq_msg_size (&self->frame [FRAME_KEY]);
if (size > KVMSG_KEY_MAX)
size = KVMSG_KEY_MAX;
memcpy (self->key,
zmq_msg_data (&self->frame [FRAME_KEY]), size);
self->key [size] = 0;
}
return self->key;
}
else
return NULL;
}
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
// Return sequence nbr from last read message, if any
int64_t
kvmsg_sequence (kvmsg_t *self)
{
assert (self);
if (self->present [FRAME_SEQ]) {
assert (zmq_msg_size (&self->frame [FRAME_SEQ]) == 8);
byte *source = zmq_msg_data (&self->frame [FRAME_SEQ]);
int64_t sequence = ((int64_t) (source [0]) << 56)
+ ((int64_t) (source [1]) << 48)
+ ((int64_t) (source [2]) << 40)
+ ((int64_t) (source [3]) << 32)
+ ((int64_t) (source [4]) << 24)
+ ((int64_t) (source [5]) << 16)
+ ((int64_t) (source [6]) << 8)
+ (int64_t) (source [7]);
return sequence;
}
else
return 0;
}
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
// Return body from last read message, if any, else NULL
byte *
kvmsg_body (kvmsg_t *self)
{
assert (self);
if (self->present [FRAME_BODY])
return (byte *) zmq_msg_data (&self->frame [FRAME_BODY]);
else
return NULL;
}
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
// Return body size from last read message, if any, else zero
size_t
kvmsg_size (kvmsg_t *self)
{
assert (self);
if (self->present [FRAME_BODY])
return zmq_msg_size (&self->frame [FRAME_BODY]);
else
return 0;
}
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
// Set message key as provided
void
kvmsg_set_key (kvmsg_t *self, char *key)
{
assert (self);
zmq_msg_t *msg = &self->frame [FRAME_KEY];
if (self->present [FRAME_KEY])
zmq_msg_close (msg);
zmq_msg_init_size (msg, strlen (key));
memcpy (zmq_msg_data (msg), key, strlen (key));
self->present [FRAME_KEY] = 1;
}
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
// Set message sequence number
void
kvmsg_set_sequence (kvmsg_t *self, int64_t sequence)
{
assert (self);
zmq_msg_t *msg = &self->frame [FRAME_SEQ];
if (self->present [FRAME_SEQ])
zmq_msg_close (msg);
zmq_msg_init_size (msg, 8);
byte *source = zmq_msg_data (msg);
source [0] = (byte) ((sequence >> 56) & 255);
source [1] = (byte) ((sequence >> 48) & 255);
source [2] = (byte) ((sequence >> 40) & 255);
source [3] = (byte) ((sequence >> 32) & 255);
source [4] = (byte) ((sequence >> 24) & 255);
source [5] = (byte) ((sequence >> 16) & 255);
source [6] = (byte) ((sequence >> 8) & 255);
source [7] = (byte) ((sequence) & 255);
self->present [FRAME_SEQ] = 1;
}
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
// Set message body
void
kvmsg_set_body (kvmsg_t *self, byte *body, size_t size)
{
assert (self);
zmq_msg_t *msg = &self->frame [FRAME_BODY];
if (self->present [FRAME_BODY])
zmq_msg_close (msg);
self->present [FRAME_BODY] = 1;
zmq_msg_init_size (msg, size);
memcpy (zmq_msg_data (msg), body, size);
}
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
// Set message key using printf format
void
kvmsg_fmt_key (kvmsg_t *self, char *format, …)
{
char value [KVMSG_KEY_MAX + 1];
va_list args;
assert (self);
va_start (args, format);
vsnprintf (value, KVMSG_KEY_MAX, format, args);
va_end (args);
kvmsg_set_key (self, value);
}
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
// Set message body using printf format
void
kvmsg_fmt_body (kvmsg_t *self, char *format, …)
{
char value [255 + 1];
va_list args;
assert (self);
va_start (args, format);
vsnprintf (value, 255, format, args);
va_end (args);
kvmsg_set_body (self, (byte *) value, strlen (value));
}
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
// Store entire kvmsg into hash map, if key/value are set
// Nullifies kvmsg reference, and destroys automatically when no longer
// needed.
void
kvmsg_store (kvmsg_t **self_p, zhash_t *hash)
{
assert (self_p);
if (*self_p) {
kvmsg_t *self = *self_p;
assert (self);
if (self->present [FRAME_KEY]
&& self->present [FRAME_BODY]) {
zhash_update (hash, kvmsg_key (self), self);
zhash_freefn (hash, kvmsg_key (self), kvmsg_free);
}
*self_p = NULL;
}
}
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
// Dump message to stderr, for debugging and tracing
void
kvmsg_dump (kvmsg_t *self)
{
if (self) {
if (!self) {
fprintf (stderr, "NULL");
return;
}
size_t size = kvmsg_size (self);
byte *body = kvmsg_body (self);
fprintf (stderr, "[seq:%" PRId64 "]", kvmsg_sequence (self));
fprintf (stderr, "[key:%s]", kvmsg_key (self));
fprintf (stderr, "[size:%zd] ", size);
int char_nbr;
for (char_nbr = 0; char_nbr < size; char_nbr++)
fprintf (stderr, "%02X", body [char_nbr]);
fprintf (stderr, "\n");
}
else
fprintf (stderr, "NULL message\n");
}
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
// Runs self test of class
int
kvmsg_test (int verbose)
{
kvmsg_t
*kvmsg;
printf (" * kvmsg: ");
// Prepare our context and sockets
zctx_t *ctx = zctx_new ();
void *output = zsocket_new (ctx, ZMQ_DEALER);
int rc = zmq_bind (output, "ipc://kvmsg_selftest.ipc");
assert (rc == 0);
void *input = zsocket_new (ctx, ZMQ_DEALER);
rc = zmq_connect (input, "ipc://kvmsg_selftest.ipc");
assert (rc == 0);
zhash_t *kvmap = zhash_new ();
// Test send and receive of simple message
kvmsg = kvmsg_new (1);
kvmsg_set_key (kvmsg, "key");
kvmsg_set_body (kvmsg, (byte *) "body", 4);
if (verbose)
kvmsg_dump (kvmsg);
kvmsg_send (kvmsg, output);
kvmsg_store (&kvmsg, kvmap);
kvmsg = kvmsg_recv (input);
if (verbose)
kvmsg_dump (kvmsg);
assert (streq (kvmsg_key (kvmsg), "key"));
kvmsg_store (&kvmsg, kvmap);
// Shutdown and destroy all objects
zhash_destroy (&kvmap);
zctx_destroy (&ctx);
printf ("OK\n");
return 0;
}
[b]根据key获取数据[/b]
其实，当订阅者可以发出key来获取数据的时候，它已经不是一个纯粹的订阅者了，或许客户端的称谓会更合适些。
模型图:
[img]https://github.com/imatix/zguide/raw/master/images/fig69.png[/img]
服务器：
//
// Clone server Model Two
//
// Lets us build this source without creating a library
#include "kvsimple.c"
static int s_send_single (char *key, void *data, void *args);
static void state_manager (void *args, zctx_t *ctx, void *pipe);
int main (void)
{
// Prepare our context and sockets
zctx_t *ctx = zctx_new ();
void *publisher = zsocket_new (ctx, ZMQ_PUB);
zsocket_bind (publisher, "tcp://*:5557");
int64_t sequence = 0;
srandom ((unsigned) time (NULL));
// Start state manager and wait for synchronization signal
void *updates = zthread_fork (ctx, state_manager, NULL);
free (zstr_recv (updates));
while (!zctx_interrupted) {
// Distribute as key-value message
kvmsg_t *kvmsg = kvmsg_new (++sequence);
kvmsg_fmt_key (kvmsg, "%d", randof (10000));
kvmsg_fmt_body (kvmsg, "%d", randof (1000000));
kvmsg_send (kvmsg, publisher);
kvmsg_send (kvmsg, updates);
kvmsg_destroy (&kvmsg);
}
printf (" Interrupted\n%d messages out\n", (int) sequence);
zctx_destroy (&ctx);
return 0;
}
// Routing information for a key-value snapshot
typedef struct {
void *socket; // ROUTER socket to send to
zframe_t *identity; // Identity of peer who requested state
} kvroute_t;
// Send one state snapshot key-value pair to a socket
// Hash item data is our kvmsg object, ready to send
static int
s_send_single (char *key, void *data, void *args)
{
kvroute_t *kvroute = (kvroute_t *) args;
// Send identity of recipient first
zframe_send (&kvroute->identity,
kvroute->socket, ZFRAME_MORE + ZFRAME_REUSE);
kvmsg_t *kvmsg = (kvmsg_t *) data;
kvmsg_send (kvmsg, kvroute->socket);
return 0;
}
// This thread maintains the state and handles requests from
// clients for snapshots.
//
static void
state_manager (void *args, zctx_t *ctx, void *pipe)
{
zhash_t *kvmap = zhash_new ();
zstr_send (pipe, "READY");
void *snapshot = zsocket_new (ctx, ZMQ_ROUTER);
zsocket_bind (snapshot, "tcp://*:5556");
zmq_pollitem_t items [] = {
{ pipe, 0, ZMQ_POLLIN, 0 },
{ snapshot, 0, ZMQ_POLLIN, 0 }
};
int64_t sequence = 0; // Current snapshot version number
while (!zctx_interrupted) {
int rc = zmq_poll (items, 2, -1);
if (rc == -1 && errno == ETERM)
break; // Context has been shut down
// Apply state update from main thread
if (items [0].revents & ZMQ_POLLIN) {
kvmsg_t *kvmsg = kvmsg_recv (pipe);
if (!kvmsg)
break; // Interrupted
sequence = kvmsg_sequence (kvmsg);
kvmsg_store (&kvmsg, kvmap);
}
// Execute state snapshot request
if (items [1].revents & ZMQ_POLLIN) {
zframe_t *identity = zframe_recv (snapshot);
if (!identity)
break; // Interrupted
// Request is in second frame of message
char *request = zstr_recv (snapshot);
if (streq (request, "ICANHAZ?"))
free (request);
else {
printf ("E: bad request, aborting\n");
break;
}
// Send state snapshot to client
kvroute_t routing = { snapshot, identity };
// For each entry in kvmap, send kvmsg to client
zhash_foreach (kvmap, s_send_single, &routing);
// Now send END message with sequence number
printf ("Sending state shapshot=%d\n", (int) sequence);
zframe_send (&identity, snapshot, ZFRAME_MORE);
kvmsg_t *kvmsg = kvmsg_new (sequence);
kvmsg_set_key (kvmsg, "KTHXBAI");
kvmsg_set_body (kvmsg, (byte *) "", 0);
kvmsg_send (kvmsg, snapshot);
kvmsg_destroy (&kvmsg);
}
}
zhash_destroy (&kvmap);
}
客户端：
//
// Clone client Model Two
//
// Lets us build this source without creating a library
#include "kvsimple.c"
int main (void)
{
// Prepare our context and subscriber
zctx_t *ctx = zctx_new ();
void *snapshot = zsocket_new (ctx, ZMQ_DEALER);
zsocket_connect (snapshot, "tcp://localhost:5556");
void *subscriber = zsocket_new (ctx, ZMQ_SUB);
zsocket_connect (subscriber, "tcp://localhost:5557");
zhash_t *kvmap = zhash_new ();
// Get state snapshot
int64_t sequence = 0;
zstr_send (snapshot, "ICANHAZ?");
while (TRUE) {
kvmsg_t *kvmsg = kvmsg_recv (snapshot);
if (!kvmsg)
break; // Interrupted
if (streq (kvmsg_key (kvmsg), "KTHXBAI")) {
sequence = kvmsg_sequence (kvmsg);
printf ("Received snapshot=%d\n", (int) sequence);
kvmsg_destroy (&kvmsg);
break; // Done
}
kvmsg_store (&kvmsg, kvmap);
}
// Now apply pending updates, discard out-of-sequence messages
while (!zctx_interrupted) {
kvmsg_t *kvmsg = kvmsg_recv (subscriber);
if (!kvmsg)
break; // Interrupted
if (kvmsg_sequence (kvmsg) > sequence) {
sequence = kvmsg_sequence (kvmsg);
kvmsg_store (&kvmsg, kvmap);
}
else
kvmsg_destroy (&kvmsg);
}
zhash_destroy (&kvmap);
zctx_destroy (&ctx);
return 0;
}
[b]重新发布更新[/b]
上面的模型中，数据都集中在一点，或许会有服务器崩溃而导致数据丢失的顾虑，那么，把数据放到客户端呢？
模型图：
[img]https://github.com/imatix/zguide/raw/master/images/fig70.png[/img]
服务器：
//
// Clone server Model Three
//
// Lets us build this source without creating a library
#include "kvsimple.c"
static int s_send_single (char *key, void *data, void *args);
// Routing information for a key-value snapshot
typedef struct {
void *socket; // ROUTER socket to send to
zframe_t *identity; // Identity of peer who requested state
} kvroute_t;
int main (void)
{
// Prepare our context and sockets
zctx_t *ctx = zctx_new ();
void *snapshot = zsocket_new (ctx, ZMQ_ROUTER);
zsocket_bind (snapshot, "tcp://*:5556");
void *publisher = zsocket_new (ctx, ZMQ_PUB);
zsocket_bind (publisher, "tcp://*:5557");
void *collector = zsocket_new (ctx, ZMQ_PULL);
zsocket_bind (collector, "tcp://*:5558");
int64_t sequence = 0;
zhash_t *kvmap = zhash_new ();
zmq_pollitem_t items [] = {
{ collector, 0, ZMQ_POLLIN, 0 },
{ snapshot, 0, ZMQ_POLLIN, 0 }
};
while (!zctx_interrupted) {
int rc = zmq_poll (items, 2, 1000 * ZMQ_POLL_MSEC);
// Apply state update sent from client
if (items [0].revents & ZMQ_POLLIN) {
kvmsg_t *kvmsg = kvmsg_recv (collector);
if (!kvmsg)
break; // Interrupted
kvmsg_set_sequence (kvmsg, ++sequence);
kvmsg_send (kvmsg, publisher);
kvmsg_store (&kvmsg, kvmap);
printf ("I: publishing update %5d\n", (int) sequence);
}
// Execute state snapshot request
if (items [1].revents & ZMQ_POLLIN) {
zframe_t *identity = zframe_recv (snapshot);
if (!identity)
break; // Interrupted
// Request is in second frame of message
char *request = zstr_recv (snapshot);
if (streq (request, "ICANHAZ?"))
free (request);
else {
printf ("E: bad request, aborting\n");
break;
}
// Send state snapshot to client
kvroute_t routing = { snapshot, identity };
// For each entry in kvmap, send kvmsg to client
zhash_foreach (kvmap, s_send_single, &routing);
// Now send END message with sequence number
printf ("I: sending shapshot=%d\n", (int) sequence);
zframe_send (&identity, snapshot, ZFRAME_MORE);
kvmsg_t *kvmsg = kvmsg_new (sequence);
kvmsg_set_key (kvmsg, "KTHXBAI");
kvmsg_set_body (kvmsg, (byte *) "", 0);
kvmsg_send (kvmsg, snapshot);
kvmsg_destroy (&kvmsg);
}
}
printf (" Interrupted\n%d messages handled\n", (int) sequence);
zhash_destroy (&kvmap);
zctx_destroy (&ctx);
return 0;
}
// Send one state snapshot key-value pair to a socket
// Hash item data is our kvmsg object, ready to send
static int
s_send_single (char *key, void *data, void *args)
{
kvroute_t *kvroute = (kvroute_t *) args;
// Send identity of recipient first
zframe_send (&kvroute->identity,
kvroute->socket, ZFRAME_MORE + ZFRAME_REUSE);
kvmsg_t *kvmsg = (kvmsg_t *) data;
kvmsg_send (kvmsg, kvroute->socket);
return 0;
}
客户端：
//
// Clone client Model Three
//
// Lets us build this source without creating a library
#include "kvsimple.c"
int main (void)
{
// Prepare our context and subscriber
zctx_t *ctx = zctx_new ();
void *snapshot = zsocket_new (ctx, ZMQ_DEALER);
zsocket_connect (snapshot, "tcp://localhost:5556");
void *subscriber = zsocket_new (ctx, ZMQ_SUB);
zsocket_connect (subscriber, "tcp://localhost:5557");
void *publisher = zsocket_new (ctx, ZMQ_PUSH);
zsocket_connect (publisher, "tcp://localhost:5558");
zhash_t *kvmap = zhash_new ();
srandom ((unsigned) time (NULL));
// Get state snapshot
int64_t sequence = 0;
zstr_send (snapshot, "ICANHAZ?");
while (TRUE) {
kvmsg_t *kvmsg = kvmsg_recv (snapshot);
if (!kvmsg)
break; // Interrupted
if (streq (kvmsg_key (kvmsg), "KTHXBAI")) {
sequence = kvmsg_sequence (kvmsg);
printf ("I: received snapshot=%d\n", (int) sequence);
kvmsg_destroy (&kvmsg);
break; // Done
}
kvmsg_store (&kvmsg, kvmap);
}
int64_t alarm = zclock_time () + 1000;
while (!zctx_interrupted) {
zmq_pollitem_t items [] = { { subscriber, 0, ZMQ_POLLIN, 0 } };
int tickless = (int) ((alarm - zclock_time ()));
if (tickless < 0)
tickless = 0;
int rc = zmq_poll (items, 1, tickless * ZMQ_POLL_MSEC);
if (rc == -1)
break; // Context has been shut down
if (items [0].revents & ZMQ_POLLIN) {
kvmsg_t *kvmsg = kvmsg_recv (subscriber);
if (!kvmsg)
break; // Interrupted
// Discard out-of-sequence kvmsgs, incl. heartbeats
if (kvmsg_sequence (kvmsg) > sequence) {
sequence = kvmsg_sequence (kvmsg);
kvmsg_store (&kvmsg, kvmap);
printf ("I: received update=%d\n", (int) sequence);
}
else
kvmsg_destroy (&kvmsg);
}
// If we timed-out, generate a random kvmsg
if (zclock_time () >= alarm) {
kvmsg_t *kvmsg = kvmsg_new (0);
kvmsg_fmt_key (kvmsg, "%d", randof (10000));
kvmsg_fmt_body (kvmsg, "%d", randof (1000000));
kvmsg_send (kvmsg, publisher);
kvmsg_destroy (&kvmsg);
alarm = zclock_time () + 1000;
}
}
printf (" Interrupted\n%d messages in\n", (int) sequence);
zhash_destroy (&kvmap);
zctx_destroy (&ctx);
return 0;
}
[b]克隆子树[/b]
事实上，并不是所有的消费者都愿意消费发布者所提供的所有信息，那么，针对特别的群体，只需提供一个子集就可以了。
服务器：
//
// Clone server Model Four
//
// Lets us build this source without creating a library
#include "kvsimple.c"
static int s_send_single (char *key, void *data, void *args);
// Routing information for a key-value snapshot
typedef struct {
void *socket; // ROUTER socket to send to
zframe_t *identity; // Identity of peer who requested state
char *subtree; // Client subtree specification
} kvroute_t;
int main (void)
{
// Prepare our context and sockets
zctx_t *ctx = zctx_new ();
void *snapshot = zsocket_new (ctx, ZMQ_ROUTER);
zsocket_bind (snapshot, "tcp://*:5556");
void *publisher = zsocket_new (ctx, ZMQ_PUB);
zsocket_bind (publisher, "tcp://*:5557");
void *collector = zsocket_new (ctx, ZMQ_PULL);
zsocket_bind (collector, "tcp://*:5558");
int64_t sequence = 0;
zhash_t *kvmap = zhash_new ();
zmq_pollitem_t items [] = {
{ collector, 0, ZMQ_POLLIN, 0 },
{ snapshot, 0, ZMQ_POLLIN, 0 }
};
while (!zctx_interrupted) {
int rc = zmq_poll (items, 2, 1000 * ZMQ_POLL_MSEC);
// Apply state update sent from client
if (items [0].revents & ZMQ_POLLIN) {
kvmsg_t *kvmsg = kvmsg_recv (collector);
if (!kvmsg)
break; // Interrupted
kvmsg_set_sequence (kvmsg, ++sequence);
kvmsg_send (kvmsg, publisher);
kvmsg_store (&kvmsg, kvmap);
printf ("I: publishing update %5d\n", (int) sequence);
}
// Execute state snapshot request
if (items [1].revents & ZMQ_POLLIN) {
zframe_t *identity = zframe_recv (snapshot);
if (!identity)
break; // Interrupted
// Request is in second frame of message
char *request = zstr_recv (snapshot);
char *subtree = NULL;
if (streq (request, "ICANHAZ?")) {
free (request);
subtree = zstr_recv (snapshot);
}
else {
printf ("E: bad request, aborting\n");
break;
}
// Send state snapshot to client
kvroute_t routing = { snapshot, identity, subtree };
// For each entry in kvmap, send kvmsg to client
zhash_foreach (kvmap, s_send_single, &routing);
// Now send END message with sequence number
printf ("I: sending shapshot=%d\n", (int) sequence);
zframe_send (&identity, snapshot, ZFRAME_MORE);
kvmsg_t *kvmsg = kvmsg_new (sequence);
kvmsg_set_key (kvmsg, "KTHXBAI");
kvmsg_set_body (kvmsg, (byte *) subtree, 0);
kvmsg_send (kvmsg, snapshot);
kvmsg_destroy (&kvmsg);
free (subtree);
}
}
printf (" Interrupted\n%d messages handled\n", (int) sequence);
zhash_destroy (&kvmap);
zctx_destroy (&ctx);
return 0;
}
// Send one state snapshot key-value pair to a socket
// Hash item data is our kvmsg object, ready to send
static int
s_send_single (char *key, void *data, void *args)
{
kvroute_t *kvroute = (kvroute_t *) args;
kvmsg_t *kvmsg = (kvmsg_t *) data;
if (strlen (kvroute->subtree) <= strlen (kvmsg_key (kvmsg))
&& memcmp (kvroute->subtree,
kvmsg_key (kvmsg), strlen (kvroute->subtree)) == 0) {
// Send identity of recipient first
zframe_send (&kvroute->identity,
kvroute->socket, ZFRAME_MORE + ZFRAME_REUSE);
kvmsg_send (kvmsg, kvroute->socket);
}
return 0;
}
客户端：
//
// Clone client Model Four
//
// Lets us build this source without creating a library
#include "kvsimple.c"
#define SUBTREE "/client/"
int main (void)
{
// Prepare our context and subscriber
zctx_t *ctx = zctx_new ();
void *snapshot = zsocket_new (ctx, ZMQ_DEALER);
zsocket_connect (snapshot, "tcp://localhost:5556");
void *subscriber = zsocket_new (ctx, ZMQ_SUB);
zsocket_connect (subscriber, "tcp://localhost:5557");
zsockopt_set_subscribe (subscriber, SUBTREE);
void *publisher = zsocket_new (ctx, ZMQ_PUSH);
zsocket_connect (publisher, "tcp://localhost:5558");
zhash_t *kvmap = zhash_new ();
srandom ((unsigned) time (NULL));
// Get state snapshot
int64_t sequence = 0;
zstr_sendm (snapshot, "ICANHAZ?");
zstr_send (snapshot, SUBTREE);
while (TRUE) {
kvmsg_t *kvmsg = kvmsg_recv (snapshot);
if (!kvmsg)
break; // Interrupted
if (streq (kvmsg_key (kvmsg), "KTHXBAI")) {
sequence = kvmsg_sequence (kvmsg);
printf ("I: received snapshot=%d\n", (int) sequence);
kvmsg_destroy (&kvmsg);
break; // Done
}
kvmsg_store (&kvmsg, kvmap);
}
int64_t alarm = zclock_time () + 1000;
while (!zctx_interrupted) {
zmq_pollitem_t items [] = { { subscriber, 0, ZMQ_POLLIN, 0 } };
int tickless = (int) ((alarm - zclock_time ()));
if (tickless < 0)
tickless = 0;
int rc = zmq_poll (items, 1, tickless * ZMQ_POLL_MSEC);
if (rc == -1)
break; // Context has been shut down
if (items [0].revents & ZMQ_POLLIN) {
kvmsg_t *kvmsg = kvmsg_recv (subscriber);
if (!kvmsg)
break; // Interrupted
// Discard out-of-sequence kvmsgs, incl. heartbeats
if (kvmsg_sequence (kvmsg) > sequence) {
sequence = kvmsg_sequence (kvmsg);
kvmsg_store (&kvmsg, kvmap);
printf ("I: received update=%d\n", (int) sequence);
}
else
kvmsg_destroy (&kvmsg);
}
// If we timed-out, generate a random kvmsg
if (zclock_time () >= alarm) {
kvmsg_t *kvmsg = kvmsg_new (0);
kvmsg_fmt_key (kvmsg, "%s%d", SUBTREE, randof (10000));
kvmsg_fmt_body (kvmsg, "%d", randof (1000000));
kvmsg_send (kvmsg, publisher);
kvmsg_destroy (&kvmsg);
alarm = zclock_time () + 1000;
}
}
printf (" Interrupted\n%d messages in\n", (int) sequence);
zhash_destroy (&kvmap);
zctx_destroy (&ctx);
return 0;
}
(未完待续)
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