对于谷歌给我们提供的ApiDemo里有很多有学习参考价值的实例,今天来学习理解其中的一个实例类LabelView,此类
继承View,并对View中的onMeasure(),Ondraw()方法进行了重写,其中涉及到setMeasuredDimension() ,MeasureSpec,Canvas,Paint,以及自定义
属性的一些应用。
像完全自定义控件(也就是继承View自定义控件),一般会想到覆盖onMeasure(),Ondraw(),
默认onMeasure()会总是设置一个100*100尺寸
关于自定义属性 可以参考 Android开发之自定义属性(Define Custom Attributes)
下面是主要实现代码
package com.example.labelview;
// Need the following import to get access to the app resources, since this
// class is in a sub-package.
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.res.TypedArray;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Paint;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.view.View;
/**
* Example of how to write a custom subclass of View. LabelView
* is used to draw simple text views. Note that it does not handle
* styled text or right-to-left writing systems.
*
*/
public class LabelView extends View {
private Paint mTextPaint;
private String mText;
private int mAscent;
/**
* Constructor. This version is only needed if you will be instantiating
* the object manually (not from a layout XML file).
* @param context
*/
public LabelView(Context context) {
super(context);
initLabelView(); // 初始化
}
/**
* Construct object, initializing with any attributes we understand from a
* layout file. These attributes are defined in
* SDK/assets/res/any/classes.xml.
*
* @see android.view.View#View(android.content.Context, android.util.AttributeSet)
*/
public LabelView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);
initLabelView();
// 得到TypedArray 后面会利用它来获取自定义属性的值
TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,
R.styleable.LabelView);
// 获取自定义属性text的值
CharSequence s = a.getString(R.styleable.LabelView_text);
if (s != null) {
setText(s.toString());
}
// Retrieve the color(s) to be used for this view and apply them.
// Note, if you only care about supporting a single color, that you
// can instead call a.getColor() and pass that to setTextColor().
// 获取自定义属性textColor的值,并设置文本相应的颜色值
setTextColor(a.getColor(R.styleable.LabelView_textColor, 0xFF000000));
int textSize = a.getDimensionPixelOffset(R.styleable.LabelView_textSize, 0);
if (textSize > 0) {
setTextSize(textSize);
}
// 注意这里记得要回收 TypedArray
a.recycle();
}
// 初始化 paint,并对其设置相应的属性值
private final void initLabelView() {
mTextPaint = new Paint();
mTextPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
mTextPaint.setTextSize(16);
mTextPaint.setColor(0xFF000000);
setPadding(10, 10, 10, 10);
}
/**
* Sets the text to display in this label
* @param text The text to display. This will be drawn as one line.
*/
public void setText(String text) {
mText = text;
requestLayout();
invalidate();
}
/**
* 设置文本大小
* Sets the text size for this label
* @param size Font size
*/
public void setTextSize(int size) {
mTextPaint.setTextSize(size);
// view 在layout上发生的改变(大小,位置),遂调用此方法
requestLayout();
// 使整个View无效,如果该View可见,那么将会系统调用onDraw(...)方法
invalidate();
}
/**
* 设置文本颜色
* Sets the text color for this label.
* @param color ARGB value for the text
*/
public void setTextColor(int color) {
mTextPaint.setColor(color);
invalidate();
}
/**
* 测量View和它的内容,并决定测量宽度和测量高度
* 这个方法被 measure(int, int)所调用
*/
@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
// 覆盖onMeasure时必须调用此方法,否则会抛出measurement 运行时异常
setMeasuredDimension(measureWidth(widthMeasureSpec),
measureHeight(heightMeasureSpec));
}
/**
* 决定这个view的宽度
* @param measureSpec A measureSpec packed into an int
* @return The width of the view, honoring constraints from measureSpec
*/
private int measureWidth(int measureSpec) {
int result = 0;
int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);
// 如果view的宽度是确定值,那么直接获取此确定值
if (specMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY) {
// We were told how big to be
result = specSize;
} else { // 如果宽度不是确定值,就需要计算下
// 测量text的宽度
result = (int) mTextPaint.measureText(mText) + getPaddingLeft()
+ getPaddingRight();
if (specMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) {
// Respect AT_MOST value if that was what is called for by measureSpec
result = Math.min(result, specSize);
}
}
return result;
}
/**
* 决定这个view的高度
* 注意: 字体的高度=上坡度+下坡度+行间距
* ascent和top都是负数
* @param measureSpec A measureSpec packed into an int
* @return The height of the view, honoring constraints from measureSpec
*/
private int measureHeight(int measureSpec) {
int result = 0;
int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);
mAscent = (int) mTextPaint.ascent();
if (specMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY) {
// We were told how big to be
result = specSize;
} else {
// Measure the text (beware: ascent is a negative number)
result = (int) (-mAscent + mTextPaint.descent()) + getPaddingTop()
+ getPaddingBottom();
if (specMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) {
// Respect AT_MOST value if that was what is called for by measureSpec
result = Math.min(result, specSize);
}
}
return result;
}
/**
* Render the text
* 绘制相应的界面,这里是drawText
* @see android.view.View#onDraw(android.graphics.Canvas)
*/
@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
super.onDraw(canvas);
canvas.drawText(mText, getPaddingLeft(), getPaddingTop() - mAscent, mTextPaint);
}
}
上面代码里涉及到MeasureSpec对象,该对象包含了Measure's Mode和Size两个属性:
关于谷歌怎么把两个属性包装在一个int里,怎么在一个int里解包获取Mode和size属性,请看MeasureSpec源码
这样做可以节约空间,可以减少更多的对象的创建。
public static class MeasureSpec {
private static final int MODE_SHIFT = 30;
private static final int MODE_MASK = 0x3 << MODE_SHIFT;
public static final int UNSPECIFIED = 0 << MODE_SHIFT;
public static final int EXACTLY = 1 << MODE_SHIFT;
public static final int AT_MOST = 2 << MODE_SHIFT;
public static int makeMeasureSpec(int size, int mode) {
return size + mode;
}
public static int getMode(int measureSpec) {
return (measureSpec & MODE_MASK);
}
public static int getSize(int measureSpec) {
return (measureSpec & ~MODE_MASK);
}
}
onMeasure(intwidthMeasureSpec, intheightMeasureSpec) 方法, 系统在绘制对象时,首先得确定对象在屏幕上占用多大的范围,因此在这个方法中,必须得确定好控件的尺寸然后通过一个特定的函数接口(setMeasuredDimension(width, height))去通知系统有关该控件的尺寸信息。系统传递进来的两个参数是一个约束条件,控件到底占据多大的尺寸由这两个参数决定, 每一个参数其实一个MeasureSpec对象,该对象包含了Measure's Mode和Size两个属性:
Mode
UNSPECIFIED 系统对对象的size没进行约束,可以任意设置
EXACTLY 系统对对象的size已经确定,只能为MeasureSpec对象中指定的size
AT_MOST 系统对对象的最大size进行了约束,即该对象的size不能超过MeasureSpec对象中指定的size
参考资料
http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/525618489.html
点击下载源码