Mock in JUnit

<<Junit In Action>>是一本比较著名的关于JUnit的书。

当谈到JUnit单元测试技术的时候，举出了两种测试方法，Stub和Mock。Stub的大概概念如下：Stub是代码的一部分。其目的就是用简单的行为替换复杂的行为，从而允许独立地测试代码的一部分；Mock Object是使用来代替与你的代码协作的对象的对象，这样代码可以调用Mock Object的方法，这些方法的调用的结果是由你的测试设置好的。Stub适合替代代码中粗粒度的测试，通常用来替代成熟的外部系统，Mock技术能够提供更精细的控制，能够更完备地测试对象的行为。

下面是示例代码是关于Mock的一个例子。

测试目标代码：

public class Account ... {

@SuppressWarnings("unused")
privateStringaccountId;

privatelongbalance;

publicAccount(StringaccountId,longinitialBalance)...{
this.accountId=accountId;
this.balance=initialBalance;
}

publicvoiddebit(longamount)...{
this.balance-=amount;
}

publicvoidcredit(longamount)...{
this.balance+=amount;
}

publiclonggetBalance()...{
returnthis.balance;
}
}

public interface AccountManager ... {

publicAccountfindAccountForUser(StringuserId);

publicvoidupdateAccount(Accountaccount);
}

public class AccountService ... {

privateAccountManageraccountManager;

publicvoidsetAccountManager(AccountManagermanager)...{
this.accountManager=manager;
}

publicvoidtransfer(StringsenderId,StringbeneficiaryId,longamount)...{
Accountsender=this.accountManager.findAccountForUser(senderId);
Accountbeneficiary=this.accountManager
.findAccountForUser(beneficiaryId);

sender.debit(amount);
beneficiary.credit(amount);

this.accountManager.updateAccount(sender);
this.accountManager.updateAccount(beneficiary);
}
}

测试代码：

public class MockAccountManager implements AccountManager ... {

privateHashtableaccounts=newHashtable();

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
publicvoidaddAccount(StringuserId,Accountaccount)...{
this.accounts.put(userId,account);
}

publicAccountfindAccountForUser(StringuserId)...{
return(Account)this.accounts.get(userId);
}

publicvoidupdateAccount(Accountaccount)...{
//donothing
}
}

public class AccountServiceTest extends TestCase ... {

publicvoidtestTransfer()...{

MockAccountManagermockAccountManager=newMockAccountManager();
AccountsenderAccount=newAccount("1",200);
AccountbeneficiaryAccount=newAccount("2",100);

mockAccountManager.addAccount("1",senderAccount);
mockAccountManager.addAccount("2",beneficiaryAccount);

AccountServiceaccountService=newAccountService();
accountService.setAccountManager(mockAccountManager);

accountService.transfer("1","2",50);

assertEquals(150,senderAccount.getBalance());
assertEquals(150,beneficiaryAccount.getBalance());
}
}