ping程序的实现

最新推荐文章于 2023-02-06 18:54:31 发布

iteye_15968

最新推荐文章于 2023-02-06 18:54:31 发布

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文章标签： Socket Linux Windows 网络协议编程

最近在看些Windows下网络编程问题。看到原始套接字的使用，于是看了Ping程序的功能实现。

大部分人用ping命令只是作为查看另一个系统的网络连接是否正常的一种简单方法。这里我介绍下在Windows下实现ping程序的两种方法。

一是使用原始套接字的方法：

代码如下：

 
  #include<Winsock2.h>  
 #pragmacomment(lib,"ws2_32.lib")  
 #pragmacomment(lib,"Iphlpapi.lib")  
 typedefstructicmp_hdr 
{
 unsignedcharicmp_type; 
 unsignedcharicmp_code; 
 unsignedshorticmp_checksum; 
 //回显头  
 unsignedshorticmp_id; 
 unsignedshorticmp_sequence; 
 unsignedlongicmp_timestamp; 
}ICMP_HDR,*PICMP_HDR;
 typedefstruct_IPHeader//20字节的IP头  
{
 UCHARiphVerLen;//版本号和头长度（各占4位）  
 UCHARipTOS;//服务类型  
 USHORTipLength;//封包总长度，即整个IP报的长度  
 USHORTipID;//封包标识，惟一标识发送的每一个数据报  
 USHORTipFlags;//标志  
 UCHARipTTL;//生存时间，就是TTL  
 UCHARipProtocol;//协议，可能是TCP、UDP、ICMP等  
 USHORTipChecksum;//校验和  
 ULONGipSource;//源IP地址  
 ULONGipDestination;//目标IP地址  
}IPHeader,*PIPHeader;
 USHORTchecksum(USHORT*buffer,intsize) 
{
 unsignedlongcksum=0; 
 while(size>1) 
{
cksum+=*buffer++;
 size-=sizeof(USHORT); 
}
 if(size) 
{
 cksum+=*(UCHAR*)buffer; 
}
cksum=(cksum>>16)+(cksum&0xffff);
cksum+=(cksum>>16);
 return(USHORT)(~cksum); 
}
 BOOLSetTimeout(SOCKETs,intnTime,BOOLbRecv) 
{
 intret=::setsockopt(s,SOL_SOCKET, 
 bRecv?SO_RCVTIMEO:SO_SNDTIMEO,(char*)&nTime,sizeof(nTime)); 
 returnret!=SOCKET_ERROR; 
}
 intmain(intargc,char*argv[]) 
{
 if(argc<2) 
{
 printf("Usage:PingIPaddress.\n"); 
 return-1; 
}
 charszDestIp[20]; 
strcpy_s(szDestIp,argv[1]);
 //初始化套接字  
WSADATAwsaData;
 intwsaset=WSAStartup(0x101,&wsaData); 
SOCKETsRaw=::socket(AF_INET,SOCK_RAW,IPPROTO_ICMP);
 inta=::GetLastError(); 
SetTimeout(sRaw,1000,TRUE);
SOCKADDR_INdest;
dest.sin_family=AF_INET;
dest.sin_port=htons(0);
dest.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr=inet_addr(szDestIp);
 //创建ICMP封包  
 charbuff[sizeof(ICMP_HDR)+32]; 
ICMP_HDR*pIcmp=(ICMP_HDR*)buff;
 //填写ICMP包  
pIcmp->icmp_type=8;
pIcmp->icmp_code=0;
 pIcmp->icmp_id=(USHORT)::GetCurrentProcessId(); 
pIcmp->icmp_checksum=0;
pIcmp->icmp_sequence=0;
 //填充数据  
 memset(&buff[sizeof(ICMP_HDR)],'E',32); 
 //开始发送和接收ICMP封包  
 USHORTnSeq=0; 
 charrecvBuf[1024]; 
SOCKADDR_INfrom;
 intnLen=sizeof(from); 
 while(TRUE) 
{
 staticintnCount=0; 
 intnRet; 
 if(nCount++==4) 
 break; 
pIcmp->icmp_checksum=0;
pIcmp->icmp_timestamp=::GetTickCount();
pIcmp->icmp_sequence=nSeq++;
 pIcmp->icmp_checksum=checksum((USHORT*)buff,sizeof(ICMP_HDR)+32); 
 //发送  
 nRet=::sendto(sRaw,buff,sizeof(ICMP_HDR)+32,0,(SOCKADDR*)&dest,sizeof(dest)); 
 if(nRet==SOCKET_ERROR) 
{
 printf("sendto()failed:%d\n",::WSAGetLastError()); 
 return-1; 
}
nRet=::recvfrom(sRaw,recvBuf,1024,0,(sockaddr*)&from,&nLen);
 if(nRet==SOCKET_ERROR) 
{
 if(::WSAGetLastError()==WSAETIMEDOUT) 
{
 printf("timedout\n"); 
 continue; 
}
 printf("recvfrom()failed:%d\n",::WSAGetLastError()); 
 return-1; 
}
 //下面开始解析接收到的ICMP封包  
 intnTick=::GetTickCount(); 
 if(nRet<sizeof(IPHeader)+sizeof(ICMP_HDR)) 
{
 printf("Toofewbytesfrom%s\n",::inet_ntoa(from.sin_addr)); 
}
 //接收到的数据中包含IP头，IP头大小为20个字节，所以加20得到ICMP头  
 ICMP_HDR*pRecvIcmp=(ICMP_HDR*)(recvBuf+20);//(ICMP_HDR*)(recvBuf+sizeof(IPHeader));  
 if(pRecvIcmp->icmp_type!=0)//回显  
{
 printf("nonechotype%drecvd\n",pRecvIcmp->icmp_type); 
 return-1; 
}
 if(pRecvIcmp->icmp_id!=::GetCurrentProcessId()) 
{
 printf("someoneelse'spacket!\n"); 
 return-1; 
}
 printf("%dbytesfrom%s:",nRet,inet_ntoa(from.sin_addr)); 
 printf("icmp_seq=%d.",pRecvIcmp->icmp_sequence); 
 printf("time:%dms",nTick-pRecvIcmp->icmp_timestamp); 
 printf("\n"); 
::Sleep(1000);
}
 system("pause"); 
 return0; 
}
 

这是使用了原始套接字，实现发送ICMP数据包，实现ping程序。

在Linux中的Ping使用了这种方式。

这里是一个比较完整的关于Ping程序介绍的文章：http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/network/ping/index.html

这是Windows下实现的Ping程序：http://blog.csdn.net/tancfjob/archive/2008/05/07/2408978.aspx

但是在使用Windows下实现Ping的时候发现使用原始套接字需要管理员权限，但是Windows下使用ping程序并不需要使用管理员权限。感谢shadowstar 提示了我使用IcmpSendEcho来实现功能。

下面是使用IcmpSendEcho的示例代码：

 
  #pragmacomment(lib,"ws2_32.lib")  
 #pragmacomment(lib,"Iphlpapi.lib")  
 int__cdeclmain(intargc,char**argv){ 
 //Declareandinitializevariables  
HANDLEhIcmpFile;
 unsignedlongipaddr=INADDR_NONE; 
DWORDdwRetVal=0;
 charSendData[]="DataBuffer"; 
LPVOIDReplyBuffer=NULL;
DWORDReplySize=0;
 //Validatetheparameters  
 if(argc!=2){ 
 printf("usage:%sIPaddress\n",argv[0]); 
 return1; 
}
ipaddr=inet_addr(argv[1]);
 if(ipaddr==INADDR_NONE){ 
 printf("usage:%sIPaddress\n",argv[0]); 
 return1; 
}
hIcmpFile=IcmpCreateFile();
 if(hIcmpFile==INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE){ 
 printf("\tUnabletoopenhandle.\n"); 
 printf("IcmpCreatefilereturnederror:%ld\n",GetLastError()); 
 return1; 
}
 ReplySize=sizeof(ICMP_ECHO_REPLY)+sizeof(SendData); 
ReplyBuffer=(VOID*)malloc(ReplySize);
 if(ReplyBuffer==NULL){ 
 printf("\tUnabletoallocatememory\n"); 
 return1; 
}
 dwRetVal=IcmpSendEcho(hIcmpFile,ipaddr,SendData,sizeof(SendData), 
NULL,ReplyBuffer,ReplySize,1000);
 if(dwRetVal!=0){ 
PICMP_ECHO_REPLYpEchoReply=(PICMP_ECHO_REPLY)ReplyBuffer;
 structin_addrReplyAddr; 
ReplyAddr.S_un.S_addr=pEchoReply->Address;
 printf("\tSenticmpmessageto%s\n",argv[1]); 
 if(dwRetVal>1){ 
 printf("\tReceived%ldicmpmessageresponses\n",dwRetVal); 
 printf("\tInformationfromthefirstresponse:\n"); 
}
 else{ 
 printf("\tReceived%ldicmpmessageresponse\n",dwRetVal); 
 printf("\tInformationfromthisresponse:\n"); 
}
 printf("\tReceivedfrom%s\n",inet_ntoa(ReplyAddr)); 
 printf("\tStatus=%ld\n", 
pEchoReply->Status);
 printf("\tRoundtriptime=%ldmilliseconds\n", 
pEchoReply->RoundTripTime);
}
 else{ 
 printf("\tCalltoIcmpSendEchofailed.\n"); 
 printf("\tIcmpSendEchoreturnederror:%ld\n",GetLastError()); 
 return1; 
}
 return0; 
}
 