一,概述
定义:提供一种方法顺序访问一个聚合对象中各个元素,而又不暴漏该对象的内部表示。
作用:客户端可以不必知道数据集合的结构,而通过迭代器的接口来操作数据,不仅保护了数据结构,同时可以自定义数据的访问方式。
其实C++中的STL模板类中大量用到了此种设计模式!
二,示例
问题:售票员清点上车人数,然后挨个人遍历,让其买票。
class Program //客户端
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
ConcreteAggregate a = new ConcreteAggregate();//聚集类
a[0] = "大鸟";
a[1] = "小菜";
a[2] = "行李";
a[3] = "老外";
a[4] = "公交内部员工";
a[5] = "小偷";
Iterator i = new ConcreteIterator(a);//迭代器
//Iterator i = new ConcreteIteratorDesc(a);
object item = i.First();
while (!i.IsDone())//遍历聚集类
{
Console.WriteLine("{0} 请买车票!", i.CurrentItem());
i.Next();
}
Console.Read();
}
}
abstract class Aggregate//抽象聚集类
{
public abstract Iterator CreateIterator();
}
class ConcreteAggregate : Aggregate//具体聚集类
{
private IList<object> items = new List<object>();
public override Iterator CreateIterator()
{
return new ConcreteIterator(this);
}
public int Count
{
get { return items.Count; }
}
public object this[int index]
{
get { return items[index]; }
set { items.Insert(index, value); }
}
}
abstract class Iterator//抽象迭代器类(方便实现各种迭代策略)
{
public abstract object First();
public abstract object Next();
public abstract bool IsDone();
public abstract object CurrentItem();
}
class ConcreteIterator : Iterator//具体迭代器类(升序访问)
{
private ConcreteAggregate aggregate;
private int current = 0;
public ConcreteIterator(ConcreteAggregate aggregate)
{
this.aggregate = aggregate;
}
public override object First()
{
return aggregate[0];
}
public override object Next()
{
object ret = null;
current++;
if (current < aggregate.Count)
{
ret = aggregate[current];
}
return ret;
}
public override object CurrentItem()
{
return aggregate[current];
}
public override bool IsDone()
{
return current >= aggregate.Count ? true : false;
}
}
class ConcreteIteratorDesc : Iterator//具体迭代器类(降序访问)
{
private ConcreteAggregate aggregate;
private int current = 0;
public ConcreteIteratorDesc(ConcreteAggregate aggregate)
{
this.aggregate = aggregate;
current = aggregate.Count - 1;
}
public override object First()
{
return aggregate[aggregate.Count - 1];
}
public override object Next()
{
object ret = null;
current--;
if (current >= 0)
{
ret = aggregate[current];
}
return ret;
}
public override object CurrentItem()
{
return aggregate[current];
}
public override bool IsDone()
{
return current < 0 ? true : false;
}
}