Mysql 乱码问题--如何查看和修改Mysql 的字符集

MySQL会出现中文乱码的原因不外乎下列几点：
   1.server本身设定问题，例如还停留在latin1
   2.table的语系设定问题(包含character与collation)
   3.客户端程式(例如php)的连线语系设定问题
   强烈建议使用utf8!!!!
   utf8可以兼容世界上所有字符!!!!

查看 并 修改Mysql的字符集编码格式：

查看默认的编码格式:
mysql> show variables like "%char%";
+--------------------------+---------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+---------------+
| character_set_client | gbk |
| character_set_connection | gbk |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | gbk |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
+--------------------------+-------------+
注：以前2个来确定,可以使用set names utf8,set names gbk设置默认的编码格式;

执行SET NAMES utf8的效果等同于同时设定如下：
SET character_set_client='utf8';
SET character_set_connection='utf8';
SET character_set_results='utf8';

通过MySQL命令行修改:
mysql> set character_set_client=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set character_set_connection=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set character_set_database=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set character_set_results=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set character_set_server=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set character_set_system=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> set collation_connection=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> set collation_database=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> set collation_server=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
查看:
mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name             | Value                       |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client      | utf8                        |
| character_set_connection | utf8                        |
| character_set_database    | utf8                        |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                      |
| character_set_results     | utf8                        |
| character_set_server      | utf8                        |
| character_set_system      | utf8                        |
| character_sets_dir        | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.03 sec)