js学习点滴2

1. JS中对象由特性(attribute)构成，而 attribute=method(方法) + property(包括原始值和引用值)

2. js内置对象

Object, Boolean, String, Number, Function, Date, Array, RegExp, Error, EvalError, RangeError, ReferenceError, SyntaxError, TypeError, UIRError

Global, Math

3. 可以把对象当做map使用

var arr = new Object();
		arr["name"] = "allei";
		alert(arr["name"]);

4. 对象

// 对象创建1.1
		// 类似于JAVA中：先调用默认构造器，然后再setter
		var obj = new Object();
		//var obj = {}; // 等价于上面
		obj.name = "allei";
		obj.print = function () {
			alert(this.name);
		};
		obj.print();	
		
		// 对象创建1.2
		// 类似于java中的静态工厂
		function createObject(name) {
			var tmp = new Object();
			tmp.name = name;
			tmp.print = function () { 
				alert(this.name);
			};
			
			return tmp;
		}
		var obj1 = createObject("zhangsan");
		var obj2 = createObject("lisi");
		obj1.print();
		obj2.print();
		
		// 对象创建1.3
		// 把对象的print函数提取出来
		function fun () {
			alert(this.name);
		}
		function createObject(name) {
			var tmp = new Object();
			tmp.name = name;
			tmp.print = fun;
			
			return tmp;
		}
		var obj1 = createObject("zhangsan");
		var obj2 = createObject("lisi");
		obj1.print();
		obj2.print();

// 对象创建2.1
        function Person(name, age) {
            this.name = name;
            this.age = age;
            this.print = function () {
                alert(this.name + " " + this.age);
            };
        }
        
        var p1 = new Person("zhangsan", 33);
        var p2 = new Person("lisi", 55);
        p1.print(); // zhangsan 33
        p2.print(); // lisi 55
        
        // 对象创建3.1
        function Person2(){}
        Person2.prototype.name = "zhangsan";
        Person2.prototype.print = function () {
            alert(this.name);
        };
        
        var p3 = new Person2();
        var p4 = new Person2();
        p3.print();  // zhangsan
        p4.print();     // zhangsan
        alert(p3 instanceof Person2); // true
        
        // 对象创建3.2
        // 属性使用构造函数的方式
        // 方法使用原型的方式
        function Person3(name, age) {
            this.name = name;
            this.age = age;
            this.friends = new Array("Apache", "Java");
        }
        Person3.prototype.print = function () {
            alert(this.name + " " + this.age + " " + this.friends);
        };
        
        var p5 = new Person3("zhangsan", 22);
        var p6 = new Person3("lisi", 33);
        
        p5.friends.push("Tomcat"); // 各自的属性互不影响
            
        p5.print(); // zhangsan 22 Apache,Java,Tomcat 
        p6.print(); // lisi 33 Apache,Java

5. StringBuffer

// StringBuffer实现
			/*
			// 和下面的定义等价
			this.StringBuffer = function(){
				this._arr = new Array();
			};
			*/
			function StringBuffer(){
				this._arr = new Array();
			}
			StringBuffer.prototype.append = function (str) {
				this._arr.push(str);
			};
			StringBuffer.prototype.toString = function () {
				return this._arr.join("");
			};
			
			var sb = new StringBuffer();
			sb.append("hello ");
			sb.append("world.");
			alert(sb.toString());
			
			// 极晚绑定
			var obj = new Object();  // 定义对象
			Object.prototype.fun = function () {  // 增加方法
				alert("xxxx");
			};
			obj.fun(); // 新增的方法可以立刻应用到对象上

6. 继承

// 继承1：对象冒充
			function Person(name, age) {
				this.name = name;
				this.age = age;
				this.print = function () {
					alert("Person.print(): " + this.name + " " + this.age);
				};
			}
			
			function Student(name, age, sno) {
				this.personC = Person;
				this.personC(name, age); // 类似于java的super()
				delete this.personC;
				
				// 新的属性和方法
				this.sno = sno;
				this.print = function () { // 重写父类方法
					alert("Student.print(): " + this.name + " " + this.age);
				};
				this.printStu = function () {
					alert(this.name + " " + this.age + " " + this.sno);
				};
			}
			
			var p1 = new Person("zhangsan", 22);
			var s1 = new Student("lisi", 33, "100001");
			p1.print();
			s1.print(); // 如果子类不覆盖父类的方法，那么这里调用的就是父类的方法，和JAVA一样
			s1.printStu();			

// 继承2.1： call或apply用法
            function Father (arg1, arg2) {  
                alert(arg1 + " " + this.prop + " " + arg2);  
            }  
              
            var obj = new Object();  
            obj.prop = "xxx";  
              
			  // call和apply的本质是把this指针转移
            Father.call(obj, "aaa", "bbb"); 
			Father.apply(obj, new Array("aaa", "bbb"));
			
			// 继承2.2： call或apply
			function Person(name, age) {
				this.name = name;
				this.age = age;
				this.print = function () {
					alert("Person.print(): " + this.name + " " + this.age);
				};
			}
			
			function Student(name, age, sno) {
// 这里可以轻易实现多重继承，只需调用每个父类的apply或call方法即可
//Person.call(this, name, age);
				Person.apply(this, new Array(name, age));
				
				// 新的属性和方法
				this.sno = sno;
				this.print = function () { // 重写父类方法
					alert("Student.print(): " + this.name + " " + this.age);
				};
				this.printStu = function () {
					alert(this.name + " " + this.age + " " + this.sno);
				};
			}
			
			var p1 = new Person("zhangsan", 22);
			var s1 = new Student("lisi", 33, "100001");
			p1.print();
			s1.print(); // 如果子类不覆盖父类的方法，那么这里调用的就是父类的方法，和JAVA一样
			s1.printStu();

// 继承3.1： 原型链
			// 原型链继承中，父类的属性和方法都应该通过prototype定义，不要再构造函数中定义
			function Water () {
			}		
			Water.prototype.name="water"; // 父类的属性和方法
			Water.prototype.fatherFun = function () {
				alert(this.name);	
			};
			
			function HotWater () {
			}
			HotWater.prototype = new Water(); // 父类的构造函数不应该有任何参数
			HotWater.prototype.temperature = "hot"; // 子类的属性和方法，要在上面的赋值语句后定义。
			HotWater.prototype.sonFun = function () {
				alert(this.temperature + " " + this.name);
			};
			
			var w = new Water();
			w.fatherFun();
			var hotW = new HotWater();
			hotW.sonFun();
			
			// 继承3.2：原型链和对象冒充混合使用
			function Father (name) {
				this.name = name;
			}
			Father.prototype.print = function () {
				alert("Father.print(): " + this.name);
			};
			
			function Son (name, age) {
				Father.call(this, name); // 对象冒充实现继承
				
				this.age = age;
			}
			Son.prototype = new Father(); // 原型链实现继承
			Son.prototype.print = function () { // 重写父类方法
				alert("Son.print(): " + this.name);
			};
			Son.prototype.printSon = function () {
				alert("Son.printSon(): " + this.name + " " + this.age);
			};
			
			var father = new Father("father");
			father.print();
			var son = new Son("son", 12);
			son.print(); // 如果子类不重写，则调用父类的print方法
			son.printSon();