felayman—ubuntu下简单安装JDK1.7

1.安装过程记录如下：

felayman@felayman:~$ java -version
程序 'java' 已包含在下列软件包中：
* default-jre
* gcj-4.6-jre-headless
* openjdk-6-jre-headless
* gcj-4.5-jre-headless
* openjdk-7-jre-headless
请尝试：sudo apt-get install <选定的软件包>
felayman@felayman:~$ apt-get install openjdk-7-jre-headless
E: 无法打开锁文件 /var/lib/dpkg/lock - open (13: 权限不够)
E: 无法对状态列表目录加锁(/var/lib/dpkg/)，请查看您是否正以 root 用户运行？
felayman@felayman:~$ sudo apt-get install openjdk-7-jre-headless
[sudo] password for felayman:
Sorry, try again.
[sudo] password for felayman:
Sorry, try again.
[sudo] password for felayman:
正在读取软件包列表... 完成
正在分析软件包的依赖关系树
正在读取状态信息... 完成
下列软件包是自动安装的并且现在不需要了：
thunderbird-globalmenu
使用'apt-get autoremove'来卸载它们
将会安装下列额外的软件包：
ca-certificates-java icedtea-7-jre-jamvm java-common libnss3 libnss3-1d
tzdata tzdata-java
建议安装的软件包：
default-jre equivs sun-java6-fonts ttf-dejavu-extra fonts-ipafont-gothic
fonts-ipafont-mincho ttf-telugu-fonts ttf-oriya-fonts ttf-kannada-fonts
ttf-bengali-fonts
下列【新】软件包将被安装：
ca-certificates-java icedtea-7-jre-jamvm java-common libnss3-1d
openjdk-7-jre-headless tzdata-java
下列软件包将被升级：
libnss3 tzdata
升级了 2 个软件包，新安装了 6 个软件包，要卸载 0 个软件包，有 439 个软件包未被升级。
需要下载 46.5 MB 的软件包。
解压缩后会消耗掉 65.3 MB 的额外空间。
您希望继续执行吗？[Y/n]y
【警告】：下列软件包不能通过验证！
libnss3 libnss3-1d ca-certificates-java tzdata tzdata-java java-common
openjdk-7-jre-headless icedtea-7-jre-jamvm
不经验证就安装这些软件包吗？[y/N] y
获取：1 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates/main libnss3 i386 3.15.4-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 [1,295 kB]
获取：2 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates/main libnss3-1d i386 3.15.4-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 [13.4 kB]
获取：3 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise/main ca-certificates-java all 20110912ubuntu6 [8,186 B]
获取：4 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates/main tzdata all 2014a-0ubuntu0.12.04 [448 kB]
获取：5 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates/main tzdata-java all 2014a-0ubuntu0.12.04 [126 kB]
获取：6 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise/main java-common all 0.43ubuntu2 [61.7 kB]
获取：7 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates/universe openjdk-7-jre-headless i386 7u51-2.4.4-0ubuntu0.12.04.2 [44.0 MB]
获取：8 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates/universe icedtea-7-jre-jamvm i386 7u51-2.4.4-0ubuntu0.12.04.2 [580 kB]
下载 46.5 MB，耗时 32秒 (1,427 kB/s)
正在预设定软件包 ...
(正在读取数据库 ... 系统当前共安装有 149844 个文件和目录。)
正预备替换 libnss3 3.14.1-0ckbi1.93ubuntu.0.12.04.1 (使用 .../libnss3_3.15.4-0ubuntu0.12.04.1_i386.deb) ...
正在解压缩将用于更替的包文件 libnss3 ...
Selecting previously unselected package libnss3-1d.
正在解压缩 libnss3-1d (从 .../libnss3-1d_3.15.4-0ubuntu0.12.04.1_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package ca-certificates-java.
正在解压缩 ca-certificates-java (从 .../ca-certificates-java_20110912ubuntu6_all.deb) ...
正预备替换 tzdata 2012e-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 (使用 .../tzdata_2014a-0ubuntu0.12.04_all.deb) ...
正在解压缩将用于更替的包文件 tzdata ...
正在设置 tzdata (2014a-0ubuntu0.12.04) ...

Current default time zone: 'Asia/Shanghai'
Local time is now: 2014年 03月 24日 星期一 12:56:03 CST.
Universal Time is now: Mon Mar 24 04:56:03 UTC 2014.
Run 'dpkg-reconfigure tzdata' if you wish to change it.

Selecting previously unselected package tzdata-java.
(正在读取数据库 ... 系统当前共安装有 149849 个文件和目录。)
正在解压缩 tzdata-java (从 .../tzdata-java_2014a-0ubuntu0.12.04_all.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package java-common.
正在解压缩 java-common (从 .../java-common_0.43ubuntu2_all.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package openjdk-7-jre-headless.
正在解压缩 openjdk-7-jre-headless (从 .../openjdk-7-jre-headless_7u51-2.4.4-0ubuntu0.12.04.2_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package icedtea-7-jre-jamvm.
正在解压缩 icedtea-7-jre-jamvm (从 .../icedtea-7-jre-jamvm_7u51-2.4.4-0ubuntu0.12.04.2_i386.deb) ...
正在处理用于 doc-base 的触发器...
Processing 2 added doc-base files...
正在处理用于 man-db 的触发器...
正在设置 libnss3 (3.15.4-0ubuntu0.12.04.1) ...
正在设置 libnss3-1d (3.15.4-0ubuntu0.12.04.1) ...
正在设置 tzdata-java (2014a-0ubuntu0.12.04) ...
正在设置 java-common (0.43ubuntu2) ...
正在设置 ca-certificates-java (20110912ubuntu6) ...
Adding debian:Verisign_Class_2_Public_Primary_Certification_Authority_-_G3.pem
Adding debian:E-Guven_Kok_Elektronik_Sertifika_Hizmet_Saglayicisi.pem
Adding debian:Verisign_Class_3_Public_Primary_Certification_Authority_-_G3.pem
Adding debian:Camerfirma_Global_Chambersign_Root.pem
Adding debian:Go_Daddy_Root_Certificate_Authority_-_G2.pem
Adding debian:Thawte_Server_CA.pem
Adding debian:QuoVadis_Root_CA.pem
Adding debian:Hongkong_Post_Root_CA_1.pem
Adding debian:GeoTrust_Primary_Certification_Authority.pem
Adding debian:DST_Root_CA_X3.pem
Adding debian:thawte_Primary_Root_CA_-_G2.pem
Adding debian:Autoridad_de_Certificacion_Firmaprofesional_CIF_A62634068.pem
Adding debian:Cybertrust_Global_Root.pem
Adding debian:ComSign_CA.pem
Adding debian:Buypass_Class_3_CA_1.pem
Adding debian:GeoTrust_Universal_CA_2.pem
Adding debian:QuoVadis_Root_CA_3.pem
Adding debian:Entrust_Root_Certification_Authority.pem
Adding debian:Digital_Signature_Trust_Co._Global_CA_3.pem
Adding debian:Taiwan_GRCA.pem
Adding debian:Microsec_e-Szigno_Root_CA.pem
Adding debian:TC_TrustCenter_Class_3_CA_II.pem
Adding debian:Comodo_Secure_Services_root.pem
Adding debian:NetLock_Business_=Class_B=_Root.pem
Adding debian:Equifax_Secure_eBusiness_CA_2.pem
Adding debian:ePKI_Root_Certification_Authority.pem
Adding debian:Certum_Trusted_Network_CA.pem
Adding debian:AffirmTrust_Commercial.pem
Adding debian:VeriSign_Class_3_Public_Primary_Certification_Authority_-_G4.pem
Adding debian:TURKTRUST_Certificate_Services_Provider_Root_2.pem
Adding debian:AddTrust_Qualified_Certificates_Root.pem
Adding debian:Digital_Signature_Trust_Co._Global_CA_1.pem
Adding debian:TC_TrustCenter_Class_2_CA_II.pem
Adding debian:StartCom_Certification_Authority.pem
Adding debian:GlobalSign_Root_CA.pem
Adding debian:TC_TrustCenter_Universal_CA_I.pem
Adding debian:AffirmTrust_Networking.pem
Adding debian:ACEDICOM_Root.pem
Adding debian:Global_Chambersign_Root_-_2008.pem
Adding debian:Camerfirma_Chambers_of_Commerce_Root.pem
Adding debian:GlobalSign_Root_CA_-_R3.pem
Adding debian:AffirmTrust_Premium_ECC.pem
Adding debian:ca.pem
Adding debian:AffirmTrust_Premium.pem
Adding debian:Network_Solutions_Certificate_Authority.pem
Adding debian:ValiCert_Class_2_VA.pem
Adding debian:thawte_Primary_Root_CA_-_G3.pem
Adding debian:AddTrust_External_Root.pem
Adding debian:Chambers_of_Commerce_Root_-_2008.pem
Adding debian:AddTrust_Public_Services_Root.pem
Adding debian:GeoTrust_Global_CA.pem
Adding debian:Starfield_Root_Certificate_Authority_-_G2.pem
Adding debian:America_Online_Root_Certification_Authority_2.pem
Adding debian:UbuntuOne-Go_Daddy_CA.pem
Adding debian:ApplicationCA_-_Japanese_Government.pem
Adding debian:Equifax_Secure_CA.pem
Adding debian:Deutsche_Telekom_Root_CA_2.pem
Adding debian:TC_TrustCenter__Germany__Class_3_CA.pem
Adding debian:ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
Adding debian:DigiCert_Assured_ID_Root_CA.pem
Adding debian:COMODO_ECC_Certification_Authority.pem
Adding debian:TWCA_Root_Certification_Authority.pem
Adding debian:TURKTRUST_Certificate_Services_Provider_Root_1.pem
Adding debian:Secure_Global_CA.pem
Adding debian:Certplus_Class_2_Primary_CA.pem
Adding debian:SecureSign_RootCA11.pem
Adding debian:UTN_USERFirst_Email_Root_CA.pem
Adding debian:Equifax_Secure_eBusiness_CA_1.pem
Adding debian:GeoTrust_Global_CA_2.pem
Adding debian:VeriSign_Class_3_Public_Primary_Certification_Authority_-_G5.pem
Adding debian:Starfield_Class_2_CA.pem
Adding debian:Certum_Root_CA.pem
Adding debian:Certigna.pem
Adding debian:DigiCert_High_Assurance_EV_Root_CA.pem
Adding debian:Sonera_Class_1_Root_CA.pem
Adding debian:NetLock_Express_=Class_C=_Root.pem
Adding debian:QuoVadis_Root_CA_2.pem
Adding debian:Certinomis_-_Autorité_Racine.pem
Adding debian:A-Trust-nQual-03.pem
Adding debian:Baltimore_CyberTrust_Root.pem
Adding debian:Comodo_Trusted_Services_root.pem
Adding debian:Staat_der_Nederlanden_Root_CA.pem
Adding debian:TÜBİTAK_UEKAE_Kök_Sertifika_Hizmet_Sağlayıcısı_-_Sürüm_3.pem
Adding debian:certSIGN_ROOT_CA.pem
Adding debian:Verisign_Class_1_Public_Primary_Certification_Authority.pem
Adding debian:Verisign_Class_2_Public_Primary_Certification_Authority.pem
Adding debian:Firmaprofesional_Root_CA.pem
Adding debian:Verisign_Class_2_Public_Primary_Certification_Authority_-_G2.pem
Adding debian:Verisign_Class_1_Public_Primary_Certification_Authority_-_G3.pem
Adding debian:AC_Raíz_Certicámara_S.A..pem
Adding debian:Starfield_Services_Root_Certificate_Authority_-_G2.pem
Adding debian:TDC_OCES_Root_CA.pem
Adding debian:Wells_Fargo_Root_CA.pem
Adding debian:WellsSecure_Public_Root_Certificate_Authority.pem
Adding debian:DigiCert_Global_Root_CA.pem
Adding debian:GeoTrust_Primary_Certification_Authority_-_G2.pem
Adding debian:America_Online_Root_Certification_Authority_1.pem
Adding debian:COMODO_Certification_Authority.pem
Adding debian:VeriSign_Universal_Root_Certification_Authority.pem
Adding debian:S-TRUST_Authentication_and_Encryption_Root_CA_2005_PN.pem
Adding debian:RSA_Root_Certificate_1.pem
Adding debian:UTN_DATACorp_SGC_Root_CA.pem
Adding debian:ComSign_Secured_CA.pem
Adding debian:Entrust.net_Premium_2048_Secure_Server_CA.pem
Adding debian:GTE_CyberTrust_Global_Root.pem
Adding debian:SecureTrust_CA.pem
Adding debian:Verisign_Class_1_Public_Primary_Certification_Authority_-_G2.pem
Adding debian:Staat_der_Nederlanden_Root_CA_-_G2.pem
Adding debian:Root_CA_Generalitat_Valenciana.pem
Adding debian:TC_TrustCenter_Universal_CA_III.pem
Adding debian:Security_Communication_EV_RootCA1.pem
Adding debian:GeoTrust_Primary_Certification_Authority_-_G3.pem
Adding debian:OISTE_WISeKey_Global_Root_GA_CA.pem
Adding debian:GlobalSign_Root_CA_-_R2.pem
Adding debian:Izenpe.com.pem
Adding debian:SwissSign_Platinum_CA_-_G2.pem
Adding debian:GeoTrust_Universal_CA.pem
Adding debian:AddTrust_Low-Value_Services_Root.pem
Adding debian:Equifax_Secure_Global_eBusiness_CA.pem
Adding debian:Verisign_Class_4_Public_Primary_Certification_Authority_-_G3.pem
Adding debian:NetLock_Notary_=Class_A=_Root.pem
Adding debian:TC_TrustCenter__Germany__Class_2_CA.pem
Adding debian:EBG_Elektronik_Sertifika_Hizmet_Sağlayıcısı.pem
Adding debian:CA_Disig.pem
Adding debian:cacert.org.pem
Adding debian:Verisign_Class_3_Public_Primary_Certification_Authority_-_G2.pem
Adding debian:CNNIC_ROOT.pem
Adding debian:Swisscom_Root_CA_1.pem
Adding debian:Microsec_e-Szigno_Root_CA_2009.pem
Adding debian:SwissSign_Gold_CA_-_G2.pem
Adding debian:NetLock_Arany_=Class_Gold=_Főtanúsítvány.pem
Adding debian:NetLock_Qualified_=Class_QA=_Root.pem
Adding debian:TDC_Internet_Root_CA.pem
Adding debian:Go_Daddy_Class_2_CA.pem
Adding debian:Visa_eCommerce_Root.pem
Adding debian:Verisign_Class_3_Public_Primary_Certification_Authority.pem
Adding debian:UTN_USERFirst_Hardware_Root_CA.pem
Adding debian:thawte_Primary_Root_CA.pem
Adding debian:Buypass_Class_2_CA_1.pem
Adding debian:ValiCert_Class_1_VA.pem
Adding debian:spi-ca-2003.pem
Adding debian:Verisign_Class_4_Public_Primary_Certification_Authority_-_G2.pem
Adding debian:Juur-SK.pem
Adding debian:UbuntuOne-Go_Daddy_Class_2_CA.pem
Adding debian:RSA_Security_2048_v3.pem
Adding debian:Security_Communication_Root_CA.pem
Adding debian:spi-cacert-2008.pem
Adding debian:DST_ACES_CA_X6.pem
Adding debian:Entrust.net_Secure_Server_CA.pem
Adding debian:SwissSign_Silver_CA_-_G2.pem
Adding debian:Thawte_Premium_Server_CA.pem
Adding debian:IGC_A.pem
Adding debian:XRamp_Global_CA_Root.pem
Adding debian:Sonera_Class_2_Root_CA.pem
Adding debian:Comodo_AAA_Services_root.pem
done.
正在设置 openjdk-7-jre-headless (7u51-2.4.4-0ubuntu0.12.04.2) ...
update-alternatives: 使用 /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-i386/jre/bin/java 来提供 /usr/bin/java (java)，于 自动模式 中。
update-alternatives: 使用 /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-i386/jre/bin/keytool 来提供 /usr/bin/keytool (keytool)，于 自动模式 中。
update-alternatives: 使用 /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-i386/jre/bin/pack200 来提供 /usr/bin/pack200 (pack200)，于 自动模式 中。
update-alternatives: 使用 /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-i386/jre/bin/rmid 来提供 /usr/bin/rmid (rmid)，于 自动模式 中。
update-alternatives: 使用 /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-i386/jre/bin/rmiregistry 来提供 /usr/bin/rmiregistry (rmiregistry)，于 自动模式 中。
update-alternatives: 使用 /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-i386/jre/bin/unpack200 来提供 /usr/bin/unpack200 (unpack200)，于 自动模式 中。
update-alternatives: 使用 /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-i386/jre/bin/orbd 来提供 /usr/bin/orbd (orbd)，于 自动模式 中。
update-alternatives: 使用 /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-i386/jre/bin/servertool 来提供 /usr/bin/servertool (servertool)，于 自动模式 中。
update-alternatives: 使用 /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-i386/jre/bin/tnameserv 来提供 /usr/bin/tnameserv (tnameserv)，于 自动模式 中。
update-alternatives: 使用 /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-i386/jre/lib/jexec 来提供 /usr/bin/jexec (jexec)，于 自动模式 中。
正在设置 icedtea-7-jre-jamvm (7u51-2.4.4-0ubuntu0.12.04.2) ...
正在处理用于 libc-bin 的触发器...
ldconfig deferred processing now taking place
felayman@felayman:~$

安装完成，

felayman@felayman:~$ java
用法: java [-options] class [args...]
(执行类)
或 java [-options] -jar jarfile [args...]
(执行 jar 文件)
其中选项包括:
-d32 使用 32 位数据模型 (如果可用)
-d64 使用 64 位数据模型 (如果可用)
-client 选择 "client" VM
-server 选择 "server" VM
-zero 选择 "zero" VM
-jamvm 选择 "jamvm" VM
-avian 选择 "avian" VM
-hotspot 是 "client" VM 的同义词 [已过时]
默认 VM 是 server,
因为您是在服务器类计算机上运行。


-cp <目录和 zip/jar 文件的类搜索路径>
-classpath <目录和 zip/jar 文件的类搜索路径>
用 : 分隔的目录, JAR 档案
和 ZIP 档案列表, 用于搜索类文件。
-D<名称>=<值>
设置系统属性
-verbose:[class|gc|jni]
启用详细输出
-version 输出产品版本并退出
-version:<值>
需要指定的版本才能运行
-showversion 输出产品版本并继续
-jre-restrict-search | -no-jre-restrict-search
在版本搜索中包括/排除用户专用 JRE
-? -help 输出此帮助消息
-X 输出非标准选项的帮助
-ea[:<packagename>...|:<classname>]
-enableassertions[:<packagename>...|:<classname>]
按指定的粒度启用断言
-da[:<packagename>...|:<classname>]
-disableassertions[:<packagename>...|:<classname>]
禁用具有指定粒度的断言
-esa | -enablesystemassertions
启用系统断言
-dsa | -disablesystemassertions
禁用系统断言
-agentlib:<libname>[=<选项>]
加载本机代理库 <libname>, 例如 -agentlib:hprof
另请参阅 -agentlib:jdwp=help 和 -agentlib:hprof=help
-agentpath:<pathname>[=<选项>]
按完整路径名加载本机代理库
-javaagent:<jarpath>[=<选项>]
加载 Java 编程语言代理, 请参阅 java.lang.instrument
-splash:<imagepath>
使用指定的图像显示启动屏幕
有关详细信息, 请参阅 http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/documentation/index.html。
felayman@felayman:~$ java -version
java version "1.7.0_51"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (IcedTea 2.4.4) (7u51-2.4.4-0ubuntu0.12.04.2)
OpenJDK Server VM (build 24.45-b08, mixed mode)
felayman@felayman:~$