使用DOM4J解析XML及采用Schema校验的方法

使用DOM4J解析XML及采用Schema校验的方法

Validation

Currentlydom4jdoesnotcomewithavalidationengine.Youareforcedtouseaexternalvalidator(译：dom4j无校验引擎，需使用外部校验).InthepastwerecommendedXerces,butnowyouareabletouseSunMulti-SchemaXMLValidator(原来推荐Xerces，但是现在推荐Sun的复合描述XML校验器).XercesisabletovalidateagainstDTDsandXMLSchema,butnotagainstTREXorRelax.TheSunsMultiSchemaValidator(MSV)supportsallmentionedkindsofvalidation(Xerces可以按DTD和Schema标准解析，但是不能够根据TREX和Relax标准解析，Sun的复合描述XML校验器可以支持所有上面提到的校验器).

Validationconsumesvaluableresources.Useitwisely.(有选择的使用校验器，下面介绍两种)

第一种：ApachesXerces1.4.x+dom4j

UsingApachesXerces1.4.xanddom4jforvalidation

ItiseasytouseXerces1.4.xforvalidation.DownloadXercesfromApachesXMLwebsites.Experienceshowsthatthenewestversionisnotalwaysthebest.ViewXercesmailinglistsinordertofindoutissueswithspecificversions.XercesprovidesSchemasupportstrartingfrom1.4.0.

Turnonvalidationmode-whichisfalsefordefault-usingaSAXReaderinstance(打开SAXReader的校验模式，默认为不打开的)

SetthefollowingXercespropertyhttp://apache.org/xml/properties/schema/external-noNamespaceSchemaLocationusingtheschemaURI.

以下是校验示例

CreateaSAXXMLErrorHandlerandinstallittoyourSAXReaderinstance.

ParseandvalidatetheDocument.

OutputValidation/Parsingerrors.

importorg.dom4j.Document;

importorg.dom4j.Element;

importorg.dom4j.io.OutputFormat;

importorg.dom4j.io.SAXReader;

importorg.dom4j.io.XMLWriter;

importorg.dom4j.util.XMLErrorHandler;

importorg.xml.sax.ErrorHandler;

importorg.xml.sax.SAXParseException

publicclassSimpleValidationDemo{

publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){

SAXReaderreader=newSAXReader();

reader.setValidation(true);

//specifytheschematouse

reader.setProperty(

"http://apache.org/xml/properties/schema/external-noNamespaceSchemaLocation",

"prices.xsd"

);

//adderrorhandlerwhichturnsanyerrorsintoXML

XMLErrorHandlererrorHandler=newXMLErrorHandler();

reader.setErrorHandler(errorHandler);

//parsethedocument

Documentdocument=reader.read(args[0]);

//outputtheerrorsXML

XMLWriterwriter=newXMLWriter(OutputFormat.createPrettyPrint());

writer.write(errorHandler.getErrors());

}

Both,XerecsandCrimson,areJaXPableparsers.BecarefulwhileusingCrimsonandXercesinsameclasspath.XerceswillworkcorrectlyonlywhenitisspecifiedinclasspathbeforeCrimson.AtthistimeIrecommendthatyoushouldeitherXerecesorCrimson.

第二种：MSV+dom4j（完美组合）

Aperfectteam-MultiSchemaValidatorMSVanddom4j

KohsukeKawaguchiadeveloperfromSuncreatedaextremlyusefulltoolforXMLvalidation.MultiSchemaValidator(MSV)supportsfollowingspecifications:

RelaxNG

Relax

TREX

XMLDTDs

XMLSchema

CurrentlyitsnotclearwhetherXMLSchemawillbethenextstandardforvalidation.RelaxNGhasanevermoregrowinglobby.IfyouwanttobuildaopenapplicationthatisnotfixedtoaspecificXMLparserandspecifictypeofXMLvalidationyoushouldusethispowerfulltool.AsusageofMSVisnottrivialthenextsectionshowshowtouseitinsimplerway.

SimplifiedMulti-SchemaValidationbyusingJavaAPIforRELAXVerifiers(JARV)

TheJavaAPIforRELAXVerifiersJARVdefinesasetofInterfacesandprovideaschemataandvendorneutralAPIforvalidationofXMLdocuments.TheaboveexplainedMSVoffersaFactorythatsupportsJARV.SoyoucanusetheJARVAPIontopofMSVanddom4jtovalidateadom4jdocuments.

importorg.iso_relax.verifier.Schema;

importorg.iso_relax.verifier.Verifier;

importorg.iso_relax.verifier.VerifierFactory;

importorg.iso_relax.verifier.VerifierHandler;

importcom.sun.msv.verifier.jarv.TheFactoryImpl;

importorg.apache.log4j.Category;

importorg.dom4j.Document;

importorg.dom4j.io.SAXWriter;

importorg.xml.sax.ErrorHandler;

importorg.xml.sax.SAXParseException;

publicclassValidator{

privatefinalstaticCATEGORY=Category.getInstance(Validator.class);

privateStringschemaURI;

privateDocumentdocument;

publicValidator(Documentdocument,StringschemaURI){

this.schemaURI=schemaURI;

this.document=document;

}

publicbooleanvalidate()throwsException{

//(1)useautodetectionofschemas

VerifierFactoryfactory=newcom.sun.msv.verifier.jarv.TheFactoryImpl();

Schemaschema=factory.compileSchema(schemaURI);

//(2)configureaVertifier

Verifierverifier=schema.newVerifier();

verifier.setErrorHandler(

newErrorHandler(){

publicvoiderror(SAXParseExceptionsaxParseEx){

CATEGORY.error("Errorduringvalidation.",saxParseEx);

}

publicvoidfatalError(SAXParseExceptionsaxParseEx){

CATEGORY.fatal("Fatalerrorduringvalidation.",saxParseEx);

}

publicvoidwarning(SAXParseExceptionsaxParseEx){

CATEGORY.warn(saxParseEx);

}

}

);

//(3)startingvalidationbyresolvingthedom4jdocumentintosax

VerifierHandlerhandler=verifier.getVerifierHandler();

SAXWriterwriter=newSAXWriter(handler);

writer.write(document);

returnhandler.isValid();

}

}

}

Thewholeworkintheaboveexampleisdoneinvalidate()method.ForemostthewecreateaFactoryinstanceanduseittocreateaJAVRorg.iso_relax.verifier.Schemainstance.Insecondstepwecreateandconfigureaorg.iso_relax.verifier.Verifierusingaorg.sax.ErrorHandler.IuseApachesLog4jAPItologpossibleerrors.YoucanalsouseSystem.out.println()or,dependingoftheapplicationsdesiredrobustness,anyothermethodtoprovideinformationaboutfailures.Thirdandlaststepresolvestheorg.dom4j.DocumentinstanceusingSAXinordertostartthevalidation.Finallywereturnabooleanvaluethatinformsaboutsuccessofthevalidation.

Usingteamworkofdom4j,MSV,JAVRandgoodoldSAXsimplifiestheusageofmultischematavalidationwhilegainingthepowerofMSV.

XSLTdefinesadeclarativerule-basedwaytotransformXMLtreeintoplaintext,HTML,FOoranyothertext-basedformat.XSLTisverypowerful.Ironicallyitdoesnotneedvariablestoholddata.AsMichaelKayXSLTReferencesays:"Thisstyleofcodingwithoutassignmentstatements,iscalledFunctionalProgramming.TheearliestandmostfamousfunctionalprogramminglanguagewasLisp...,whilemodernexamplesincludeMLandScheme."InXSLTyoudefineasocalledtemplatethatmatchesacertainXPathexpression.TheXSLTProcessortraversethesourcetreeusingarecursivetreedescentalgorithmandperformsthecommandsyoudefinedwhenaspecifictreebranchmatchesthetemplaterule.

dom4joffersanAPIthatsupportsXSLTsimilarrulebasedprocessing.TheAPIcanbefoundinorg.dom4j.rulepackageandthischapterwillintroduceyoutothispowerfulfeatureofdom4j.

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