数据链路层主要的功能
- 把网络层的包封装成帧
- 对帧的校验和确认
- 流量的控制
数据链路层生成以太网帧,以太网帧的主要格式如下。
太网帧的传输大小是由传输媒介决定的,数据帧的大小是64—1518。帧头14个字节,分别是目标MAC地址
(6个字节)+源MAC地址(6个字节)+协议类型(2个字节),帧尾是32位的CRC冗余校验。对于两个字
节协议字段,0×0800主要用于IP协议,还有一些其他的网络协议,比如Novell IPX等。
这里先介绍以太网帧头格式,用libcap抓出来的包最后的CRC冗余校验已经在物理网卡上完成。下面是代码
#include <pcap.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <net/ethernet.h>
#include <netinet/ip_icmp.h> //Provides declarations for icmp header
#include <netinet/udp.h> //Provides declarations for udp header
#include <netinet/tcp.h> //Provides declarations for tcp header
#include <netinet/ip.h> //Provides declarations for ip header
#define BUFFER_SIZE 2048
#define HIGH4(a) (((a&0xf0))>>4)
#define LOW4(a) (a&0x0f)
int size ;
void process_packet(u_char *args, const struct pcap_pkthdr *header, const u_char *buffer);
void print_mac(const u_char *packet_buffer);
void mac_to_str(char *szMac, unsigned char mac[6]);
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
pcap_if_t *alldevsp , *device;
pcap_t *handle; //Handle of the device that shall be sniffed
char errbuf[100] , *devname , devs[100][100];
int count = 1 , n;
//First get the list of available devices
printf("Finding available devices ... ");
if( pcap_findalldevs( &alldevsp , errbuf) )
{
printf("Error finding devices : %s" , errbuf);
exit(1);
}
printf("Done");
//Print the available devices
printf("\nAvailable Devices are :\n");
for(device = alldevsp ; device != NULL ; device = device->next)
{
printf("%d. %s - %s\n" , count , device->name , device->description);
if(device->name != NULL)
{
strcpy(devs[count] , device->name);
}
count++;
}
//Ask user which device to sniff
printf("Enter the number of the device you want to sniff : ");
scanf("%d" , &n);
devname = devs[n];
//Open the device for sniffing
printf("Opening device %s for sniffing ... " , devname);
handle = pcap_open_live(devname , 65536 , 1 , 0 , errbuf);
if (handle == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't open device %s : %s\n" , devname , errbuf);
exit(1);
}
printf("Done\n");
//Put the device in sniff loop
pcap_loop(handle , -1 , process_packet , NULL);
return 0;
}
void process_packet(u_char *args, const struct pcap_pkthdr *header, const u_char *buffer)
{
size = header->len;
print_mac(buffer);
}
void print_mac(const u_char *packet_buffer)
{
struct ethhdr *ethernet_header = NULL; //ether header
char sour_mac[40] = {'\0'}; //<linux/if_ether.h>
char des_mac[40] = {'\0'}; //#define ETH_ALEN 6
ethernet_header = (struct ethhdr *)packet_buffer;
mac_to_str(sour_mac,ethernet_header->h_source);
mac_to_str(des_mac,ethernet_header->h_dest);
printf("length of ethernet_head : %d \n",sizeof(struct ethhdr));
printf("des_MAC : %s\n",des_mac);
printf("sour_MAC : %s\n",sour_mac);
printf("Protocal : %x\n",ntohs(ethernet_header->h_proto));
}
//MAC地址翻译
void mac_to_str(char *szMac, unsigned char mac[6])
{
sprintf(szMac, "%X%X:%X%X:%X%X:%X%X:%X%X:%X%X"
, HIGH4(mac[0]), LOW4(mac[0])
, HIGH4(mac[1]), LOW4(mac[1])
, HIGH4(mac[2]), LOW4(mac[2])
, HIGH4(mac[3]), LOW4(mac[3])
, HIGH4(mac[4]), LOW4(mac[4])
, HIGH4(mac[5]), LOW4(mac[5])
);
}
$ gcc get_mac.c -o get_mac -lpcap