C++学习-IO流控制iomanip(14)

作者：gzshun. 原创作品，转载请标明出处！
来源：http://blog.csdn.net/gzshun

在C++输入输出流控制中，就把话语权交给iomanip吧。
以下列出一些比较常用的设置方法：

包含头文件：#include <iomanip>
dec 十进制 dec(c++) == %d(c)
hex 十六进制 oct(c++) == %o(c)
oct 八进制 hex(c++) == %x(c)
setfill(c) 填充字符为c
setprecision(n) 设置n个有效数字
setw(n) 设输出的宽度为n
setiosflags(ios::fixed) 固定输出小数点个数
setiosflags(ios::scientific) 输出指数
setiosflags(ios::left) 左对齐
setiosflags(ios::right) 右对齐
setiosflags(ios::skipws 忽略前导空白
setiosflags(ios::uppercase) 16进制数大写输出
setiosflags(ios::lowercase) 16进制小写输出
setiosflags(ios::showpoint) 强制显示小数点
setiosflags(ios::showpos) 强制显示符号(+/-)

在设置mask有两个方法：setiosflags和setf。

这些用法看头文件就很清楚了，主要在：ios_base.h和iomanip中。

ios_base.h:

/** * @brief Access to format flags. * @return The format control flags for both input and output. */ fmtflags flags() const { return _M_flags; } /** * @brief Setting new format flags all at once. * @param fmtfl The new flags to set. * @return The previous format control flags. * * This function overwrites all the format flags with @a fmtfl. */ fmtflags flags(fmtflags __fmtfl) { fmtflags __old = _M_flags; _M_flags = __fmtfl; return __old; } /** * @brief Setting new format flags. * @param fmtfl Additional flags to set. * @return The previous format control flags. * * This function sets additional flags in format control. Flags that * were previously set remain set. */ fmtflags setf(fmtflags __fmtfl) { fmtflags __old = _M_flags; _M_flags |= __fmtfl; return __old; } /** * @brief Setting new format flags. * @param fmtfl Additional flags to set. * @param mask The flags mask for @a fmtfl. * @return The previous format control flags. * * This function clears @a mask in the format flags, then sets * @a fmtfl @c & @a mask. An example mask is @c ios_base::adjustfield. */ fmtflags setf(fmtflags __fmtfl, fmtflags __mask) { fmtflags __old = _M_flags; _M_flags &= ~__mask; _M_flags |= (__fmtfl & __mask); return __old; } /** * @brief Clearing format flags. * @param mask The flags to unset. * * This function clears @a mask in the format flags. */ void unsetf(fmtflags __mask) { _M_flags &= ~__mask; } /** * @brief Flags access. * @return The precision to generate on certain output operations. * * Be careful if you try to give a definition of "precision" here; see * DR 189. */ streamsize precision() const { return _M_precision; } /** * @brief Changing flags. * @param prec The new precision value. * @return The previous value of precision(). */ streamsize precision(streamsize __prec) { streamsize __old = _M_precision; _M_precision = __prec; return __old; } /** * @brief Flags access. * @return The minimum field width to generate on output operations. * * "Minimum field width" refers to the number of characters. */ streamsize width() const { return _M_width; } /** * @brief Changing flags. * @param wide The new width value. * @return The previous value of width(). */ streamsize width(streamsize __wide) { streamsize __old = _M_width; _M_width = __wide; return __old; } // [27.4.2.4] ios_base static members /** * @brief Interaction with the standard C I/O objects. * @param sync Whether to synchronize or not. * @return True if the standard streams were previously synchronized. * * The synchronization referred to is @e only that between the standard * C facilities (e.g., stdout) and the standard C++ objects (e.g., * cout). User-declared streams are unaffected. See * http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/manual/bk01pt11ch28s02.html */ static bool sync_with_stdio(bool __sync = true); // [27.4.2.3] ios_base locale functions /** * @brief Setting a new locale. * @param loc The new locale. * @return The previous locale. * * Sets the new locale for this stream, and then invokes each callback * with imbue_event. */ locale imbue(const locale& __loc); /** * @brief Locale access * @return A copy of the current locale. * * If @c imbue(loc) has previously been called, then this function * returns @c loc. Otherwise, it returns a copy of @c std::locale(), * the global C++ locale. */ locale getloc() const { return _M_ios_locale; } /** * @brief Locale access * @return A reference to the current locale. * * Like getloc above, but returns a reference instead of * generating a copy. */ const locale& _M_getloc() const { return _M_ios_locale; } // [27.4.2.5] ios_base storage functions /** * @brief Access to unique indices. * @return An integer different from all previous calls. * * This function returns a unique integer every time it is called. It * can be used for any purpose, but is primarily intended to be a unique * index for the iword and pword functions. The expectation is that an * application calls xalloc in order to obtain an index in the iword and * pword arrays that can be used without fear of conflict. * * The implementation maintains a static variable that is incremented and * returned on each invocation. xalloc is guaranteed to return an index * that is safe to use in the iword and pword arrays. */ static int xalloc() throw(); /** * @brief Access to integer array. * @param __ix Index into the array. * @return A reference to an integer associated with the index. * * The iword function provides access to an array of integers that can be * used for any purpose. The array grows as required to hold the * supplied index. All integers in the array are initialized to 0. * * The implementation reserves several indices. You should use xalloc to * obtain an index that is safe to use. Also note that since the array * can grow dynamically, it is not safe to hold onto the reference. */ long& iword(int __ix) { _Words& __word = (__ix < _M_word_size) ? _M_word[__ix] : _M_grow_words(__ix, true); return __word._M_iword; } /** * @brief Access to void pointer array. * @param __ix Index into the array. * @return A reference to a void* associated with the index. * * The pword function provides access to an array of pointers that can be * used for any purpose. The array grows as required to hold the * supplied index. All pointers in the array are initialized to 0. * * The implementation reserves several indices. You should use xalloc to * obtain an index that is safe to use. Also note that since the array * can grow dynamically, it is not safe to hold onto the reference. */ void*& pword(int __ix) { _Words& __word = (__ix < _M_word_size) ? _M_word[__ix] : _M_grow_words(__ix, false); return __word._M_pword; } // Destructor /** * Invokes each callback with erase_event. Destroys local storage. * * Note that the ios_base object for the standard streams never gets * destroyed. As a result, any callbacks registered with the standard * streams will not get invoked with erase_event (unless copyfmt is * used). */ virtual ~ios_base(); protected: ios_base(); // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS // 50. Copy constructor and assignment operator of ios_base private: ios_base(const ios_base&); ios_base& operator=(const ios_base&); }; // [27.4.5.1] fmtflags manipulators /// Calls base.setf(ios_base::boolalpha). inline ios_base& boolalpha(ios_base& __base) { __base.setf(ios_base::boolalpha); return __base; } /// Calls base.unsetf(ios_base::boolalpha). inline ios_base& noboolalpha(ios_base& __base) { __base.unsetf(ios_base::boolalpha); return __base; } /// Calls base.setf(ios_base::showbase). inline ios_base& showbase(ios_base& __base) { __base.setf(ios_base::showbase); return __base; } /// Calls base.unsetf(ios_base::showbase). inline ios_base& noshowbase(ios_base& __base) { __base.unsetf(ios_base::showbase); return __base; } /// Calls base.setf(ios_base::showpoint). inline ios_base& showpoint(ios_base& __base) { __base.setf(ios_base::showpoint); return __base; } /// Calls base.unsetf(ios_base::showpoint). inline ios_base& noshowpoint(ios_base& __base) { __base.unsetf(ios_base::showpoint); return __base; } /// Calls base.setf(ios_base::showpos). inline ios_base& showpos(ios_base& __base) { __base.setf(ios_base::showpos); return __base; } /// Calls base.unsetf(ios_base::showpos). inline ios_base& noshowpos(ios_base& __base) { __base.unsetf(ios_base::showpos); return __base; } /// Calls base.setf(ios_base::skipws). inline ios_base& skipws(ios_base& __base) { __base.setf(ios_base::skipws); return __base; } /// Calls base.unsetf(ios_base::skipws). inline ios_base& noskipws(ios_base& __base) { __base.unsetf(ios_base::skipws); return __base; } /// Calls base.setf(ios_base::uppercase). inline ios_base& uppercase(ios_base& __base) { __base.setf(ios_base::uppercase); return __base; } /// Calls base.unsetf(ios_base::uppercase). inline ios_base& nouppercase(ios_base& __base) { __base.unsetf(ios_base::uppercase); return __base; } /// Calls base.setf(ios_base::unitbuf). inline ios_base& unitbuf(ios_base& __base) { __base.setf(ios_base::unitbuf); return __base; } /// Calls base.unsetf(ios_base::unitbuf). inline ios_base& nounitbuf(ios_base& __base) { __base.unsetf(ios_base::unitbuf); return __base; } // [27.4.5.2] adjustfield manipulators /// Calls base.setf(ios_base::internal, ios_base::adjustfield). inline ios_base& internal(ios_base& __base) { __base.setf(ios_base::internal, ios_base::adjustfield); return __base; } /// Calls base.setf(ios_base::left, ios_base::adjustfield). inline ios_base& left(ios_base& __base) { __base.setf(ios_base::left, ios_base::adjustfield); return __base; } /// Calls base.setf(ios_base::right, ios_base::adjustfield). inline ios_base& right(ios_base& __base) { __base.setf(ios_base::right, ios_base::adjustfield); return __base; } // [27.4.5.3] basefield manipulators /// Calls base.setf(ios_base::dec, ios_base::basefield). inline ios_base& dec(ios_base& __base) { __base.setf(ios_base::dec, ios_base::basefield); return __base; } /// Calls base.setf(ios_base::hex, ios_base::basefield). inline ios_base& hex(ios_base& __base) { __base.setf(ios_base::hex, ios_base::basefield); return __base; } /// Calls base.setf(ios_base::oct, ios_base::basefield). inline ios_base& oct(ios_base& __base) { __base.setf(ios_base::oct, ios_base::basefield); return __base; } // [27.4.5.4] floatfield manipulators /// Calls base.setf(ios_base::fixed, ios_base::floatfield). inline ios_base& fixed(ios_base& __base) { __base.setf(ios_base::fixed, ios_base::floatfield); return __base; } /// Calls base.setf(ios_base::scientific, ios_base::floatfield). inline ios_base& scientific(ios_base& __base) { __base.setf(ios_base::scientific, ios_base::floatfield); return __base; }
iomanip:

/** * @brief Manipulator for @c setf. * @param mask A format flags mask. * * Sent to a stream object, this manipulator sets the format flags * to @a mask. */ inline _Setiosflags setiosflags(ios_base::fmtflags __mask) { _Setiosflags __x; __x._M_mask = __mask; return __x; } template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits> inline basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, _Setiosflags __f) { __is.setf(__f._M_mask); return __is; } template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits> inline basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, _Setiosflags __f) { __os.setf(__f._M_mask); return __os; } struct _Setbase { int _M_base; }; /** * @brief Manipulator for @c setf. * @param base A numeric base. * * Sent to a stream object, this manipulator changes the * @c ios_base::basefield flags to @c oct, @c dec, or @c hex when @a base * is 8, 10, or 16, accordingly, and to 0 if @a base is any other value. */ inline _Setbase setbase(int __base) { _Setbase __x; __x._M_base = __base; return __x; } template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits> inline basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, _Setbase __f) { __is.setf(__f._M_base == 8 ? ios_base::oct : __f._M_base == 10 ? ios_base::dec : __f._M_base == 16 ? ios_base::hex : ios_base::fmtflags(0), ios_base::basefield); return __is; } template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits> inline basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, _Setbase __f) { __os.setf(__f._M_base == 8 ? ios_base::oct : __f._M_base == 10 ? ios_base::dec : __f._M_base == 16 ? ios_base::hex : ios_base::fmtflags(0), ios_base::basefield); return __os; } template<typename _CharT> struct _Setfill { _CharT _M_c; }; /** * @brief Manipulator for @c fill. * @param c The new fill character. * * Sent to a stream object, this manipulator calls @c fill(c) for that * object. */ template<typename _CharT> inline _Setfill<_CharT> setfill(_CharT __c) { _Setfill<_CharT> __x; __x._M_c = __c; return __x; } template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits> inline basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, _Setfill<_CharT> __f) { __is.fill(__f._M_c); return __is; } template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits> inline basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, _Setfill<_CharT> __f) { __os.fill(__f._M_c); return __os; } struct _Setprecision { int _M_n; }; /** * @brief Manipulator for @c precision. * @param n The new precision. * * Sent to a stream object, this manipulator calls @c precision(n) for * that object. */ inline _Setprecision setprecision(int __n) { _Setprecision __x; __x._M_n = __n; return __x; } template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits> inline basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, _Setprecision __f) { __is.precision(__f._M_n); return __is; } template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits> inline basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, _Setprecision __f) { __os.precision(__f._M_n); return __os; } struct _Setw { int _M_n; }; /** * @brief Manipulator for @c width. * @param n The new width. * * Sent to a stream object, this manipulator calls @c width(n) for * that object. */ inline _Setw setw(int __n) { _Setw __x; __x._M_n = __n; return __x; }