Ubuntu 5.10 (Breezy Badger) 指南
- 安装
- 挂载 和 卸载 媒体设备
- 创建 和 播放 ISO设备
- 创建和检查 MD5 校验码
- 为CUCS配置SSH 和 为办公电脑设置远程桌面
- 相关链接
安装
- 安装Ubuntu
- 设定Home目录
- 更新和升级Ubuntu
- 安装nVidia驱动程序
- 启用5键鼠标
- 启用DMA
- 修复声音设备
- 定制个性化配置和字体
- 添加额外的软件库
- 安装:
- 分区工具 - GPartEd
- 邮件客户端 - Thunderbird
- 版本控制 - cvs
- LaTeX
- 字体
- Java - Sun Java
- 编辑器 - JEdit, gvim
- PDF查看软件 - Adobe Acrobat Reader
- Flash播放器
- 多媒体文件解码器
- 媒体播放器 - Totem-xine, gxine, MPlayer, VLC
- MIDI播放器 - Timidity
- CD刻录软件 - Gnome Baker
- CD提取工具 - Sound Juicer
- 游戏 - ScummVM
- 开发工具
设定Home目录
-
sudo mkdir /mnt/newdrive sudo mount -t ext3 /dev/hdb1 /mnt/newdrive/ sudo mkdir /mnt/newdrive/home.new sudo cp -R -p /home/[user] /mnt/newdrive/home.new/ sudo chown [user]:[user] /mnt/newdrive/home.new/[user] sudo umount /mnt/newdrive/
- 同时按下 [CTRL] + [ALT] + [F1]键, 然后登录.
sudo pico /etc/fstab
在主分区和交换分区条目后面加上以下行:/dev/hdb1 /home ext3 defaults,errors=remount-ro 0 1
按 [CTRL] + [o] 键保存文件. 按 [CTRL] + [x] 退出 Pico程序.sudo mv /home /home.old sudo mkdir /home sudo mount -a
更新和升级Ubuntu
-
sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get upgrade
安装 nVidia 驱动程序
-
sudo apt-get install nvidia-glx nvidia-settings sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.nvidia-driver.backup sudo nvidia-glx-config enable
-
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/NVIDIA-Settings.desktop
在文件中添加以下行:[Desktop Entry] Name=NVIDIA Settings Comment=NVIDIA Settings Exec=nvidia-settings Icon= Terminal=false Type=Application Categories=Application;System;
- 下面的设置用来禁止nVidia的启动窗口.
sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf
编辑xorg.conf文件并找到以下项:... Section "Device" Identifier "NVIDIA Corporation NV11 [GeForce2 MX/MX 400]" Driver "nvidia" BusID "PCI:1:0:0" ...
在下面添加以下这一行:Option "NoLogo"
- 按下 [CTRL] + [ALT] + [BACKSPACE] 键重启GNOME窗口管理系统.
启用5键鼠标
-
sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.5-button-mouse.backup
-
sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf
替换下面项目:Section "InputDevice" Identifier "mouse.usb" Driver "mouse" Option "CorePointer" Option "Device" "/dev/input/mice" Option "Protocol" "IMPS/2" Option "Emulate3Buttons" "YES" Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5" EndSection
为:Section "InputDevice" Identifier "mouse.usb" Driver "mouse" Option "CorePointer" Option "Device" "/dev/input/mice" Option "Protocol" "ExplorerPS/2" Option "Buttons" "7" Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5" EndSection
启用 DMA
(参照 http://ubuntuguide.org/#speedupcddvdrom.)
-
sudo hdparm -d1 /dev/cdrom sudo cp /etc/hdparm.conf /etc/hdparm.conf_backup sudo gedit /etc/hdparm.conf
- 添加下面行 /etc/hdparm.conf
/dev/cdrom { dma = on }
- 重复以上步骤设置 /dev/cdrom1
修复声音系统
(参照 http://ubuntuguide.org/#configuresoundproperly.)
定制个性化配置和字体
-
gnome-theme-manager
点击 "Theme Details", 设置 "Set Controls = Glider, Window Border = Mist, Icons = GNOME". -
gnome-font-properties
设置 "App = Sans 8, Desktop = Sans 8, Window title = Sans 8, Terminal = FreeMono 10".
始终在Nautilus使用浏览器
-
gconf-editor
选择 "apps / nautilus / preferences" 并选中 "always use browser".
添加额外的软件库
-
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup
-
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
添加以下行(注:由于国内的设置不一样,该项请参照ubuntu.com.cn网站上公布的配置):# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 5.10 _Breezy Badger_ - Release i386 (20051012)]/ breezy main restricted # Example sources.list for Ubuntu 5.10 "The Breezy Badger" release ## All officially supported packages, including security- and other updates deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy main restricted deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy main restricted deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security main restricted deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security main restricted deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-updates main restricted deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-updates main restricted ## All community supported packages, including security- and other updates deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy universe multiverse deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy universe multiverse deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security universe multiverse deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security universe multiverse deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-updates universe multiverse deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-updates universe multiverse ## libdvdcss2, w32codecs # deb ftp://ftp.nerim.net/debian-marillat/ etch main # deb http://ubuntu-backports.mirrormax.net/ breezy-extras-staging main restricted universe multiverse ## jedit # deb http://dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/jedit ./ # deb-src http://dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/jedit ./ ## hoary-extras - the most widely used source for packages not includded in Ubuntu ## no guarantees on working - not enabled by default # deb http://public.planetmirror.com/pub/ubuntu-backports/ hoary-extras main universe multiverse restricted
-
sudo apt-get update
安装字体 (微软字体)
-
sudo apt-get install msttcorefonts
安装多媒体文件解码器
(参考 http://ubuntuguide.org/#codecs.)
- 添加额外的软件库.
-
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
在最后添加以下行:deb ftp://ftp.nerim.net/debian-marillat/ etch main
保存文件.sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install w32codecs sudo apt-get install libdvdcss2
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
取消下面行前面的注释符号:deb ftp://ftp.nerim.net/debian-marillat/ etch main
保存文件.sudo apt-get update
- 如果以上的步骤不工作, 那么需要手工安装 w32codecs 和 DeCSS2 包: 从网上下载 w32codecs_20050412-0.0_i386.deb 到Home目录.
cd ~/ sudo dpkg -i w32codecs_*.deb sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread3/examples/install-css.sh
-
sudo apt-get install libmad0 libdvdread3
-
sudo apt-get install lame sox ffmpeg mjpegtools vorbis-tools
-
sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.8-misc gstreamer0.8-plugins gstreamer0.8-plugins-multiverse gstreamer0.8-ffmpeg gst-register-0.8
安装媒体播放器 (Totem-xine, gxine, MPlayer, VLC)
- Totem-xine (参见instructions for post-installation setup):
sudo apt-get install totem-xine gedit ~/.xine/config
修改下面行:video.driver:xv
- gxine (参见 instructions for post-installation setup):
sudo apt-get install gxine gedit ~/.gxine/config
修改下面行:video.driver:xv
- MPlayer:
sudo apt-get install mplayer-386 mozilla-mplayer sudo cp /etc/mplayer/mplayer.conf /etc/mplayer/mplayer.conf_backup sudo gedit /etc/mplayer/mplayer.conf
查找:vo=x11,
替换为:vo=xv,
- VLC:
sudo apt-get install vlc
设置 Xine/gxine
-
xine-check
- 进行下面步骤以修复 WMV 播放问题 (如果由这个问题的话):
cp ~/.xine/catalog.cache ~/.xine/catalog.cache.backup gedit ~/.xine/catalog.cache
查找下面段:[/usr/lib/xine/plugins/1.0.0/xineplug_decode_w32dll.so] size=173768 mtime=1112804124 type=131 api=15 id=win32a version=10000 supported_types=50593792 52428800 52822016 ... (long line truncated) decoder_priority=1
替换为其中一行:decoder_priority=1
为:decoder_priority=7
- 指定 gxine 为默认媒体播放器 (不推荐,因为Totem-xine更好) :
sudo cp /usr/share/applications/defaults.list /usr/share/applications/defaults.list_backup sudo sed -e 's/totem.desktop/gxine.desktop/g' /usr/share/applications/defaults.list_backup > /tmp/defaults.list sudo mv /tmp/defaults.list /usr/share/applications/defaults.list killall gnome-panel killall nautilus
- 指定 gxine 为默认DVD播放器 (不推荐,因为Totem-xine更好) :
gconftool-2 --type string --set /desktop/gnome/volume_manager/autoplay_dvd_command "gxine dvd://"
- 为FireFox安装gxine插件 (不推荐,因为Totem-xine更好) :
sudo ln -fs /usr/lib/gxine/gxineplugin.a /usr/lib/mozilla-firefox/plugins/ sudo ln -fs /usr/lib/gxine/gxineplugin.la /usr/lib/mozilla-firefox/plugins/ sudo ln -fs /usr/lib/gxine/gxineplugin.so /usr/lib/mozilla-firefox/plugins/
安装MIDI 播放器 (Timidity)
-
sudo apt-get install timidity timidity-interfaces-extra freepats
播放 MIDI
- 以GTK界面启动:
timidity -ig [file]
安装分区工具(GPartEd)
-
sudo apt-get install gparted
安装E-mail客户端 (Mozilla Thunderbird)
-
sudo apt-get install mozilla-thunderbird
安装菜单编辑程序 (SMeg)
-
sudo apt-get install smeg
安装 CD 刻录软件 (GnomeBaker)
-
sudo apt-get install gnomebaker
安装 PDF 查看软件 (Acroread)
-
sudo apt-get install acroread mozilla-acroread
-
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/defaults.list
将:application/pdf=evince.desktop
替换为:application/pdf=AdobeReader.desktop
安装 Flash 播放器
-
sudo apt-get install flashplayer-mozilla
挂载
- EXT3 格式分区:
sudo mount /dev/hdb1 [mount_point_dir] -t ext3
- NTFS 格式分区:
sudo mount /dev/hda1 [mount_point_dir] -t ntfs -o nls=utf8,umask=0222
- FAT32 格式分区:
sudo mount /dev/hda1 [mount_point_dir] -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,umask=000
- CD/DVD:
sudo mount /media/cdrom0/ -o unhide
- ISO:
sudo modprobe loop sudo mount file.iso /media/iso/ -t iso9660 -o loop -r
卸载
-
sudo umount [mount_point_dir]
- 强制卸载 (如果第一步不成功):
sudo umount [mount_point_dir] -l
创建 ISO 镜像文件
- 从 CD/DVD 创建(替换下面行中的 [device] 为 dvd, cdrom, 或 cdrom1):
dd if=/dev/[device] of=file.iso bs=1024
- 从指定目录创建:
mkisofs -o file.iso [dir]
播放 ISO
- 安装,配置和运行 gxine.
- 选择"File / Preferences... / Media (tab) / DVD (tab)".
- 更改 DVD 位置为"/.../file.iso".
MD5 校验
- 创建MD5校验码:
md5sum file.iso > file.iso.md5
- 验证MD5校验码:
md5sum -c file.iso.md5
安装 LaTeX
-
sudo apt-get install tetex-base tetex-bin tetex-extra
安装开发工具
- 基本编译器和工具:
sudo apt-get install build-essential sudo apt-get install manpages-dev autoconf automake libtool sudo apt-get install flex bison gcc-doc g++
- OpenGL 和 SDL 开发:
sudo apt-get install libxxf86vm-dev nvidia-glx-dev sudo apt-get install libsdl1.2-dev libsdl-ttf2.0-dev libsdl-image1.2-dev libsdl-mixer1.2-dev sudo apt-get install libsdl-sound1.2-dev libsdl-net1.2-dev
- 编译 MPlayer的环境:
sudo apt-get install x-window-system-dev libgtk1.2-dev libpng-dev libxxf86vm-dev
安装 CVS版本控制软件
-
sudo apt-get install cvs
安装 gvim
-
sudo apt-get install vim-gnome
-
gedit ~/.vimrc
添加下面行:set ruler set showcmd set incsearch set history=500 set expandtab set tabstop=4 set autoindent set shiftwidth=4 colorscheme desert if has("vms") set nobackup else set backup endif if &t_Co > 2 || has("gui_running") syntax on set hlsearch endif
-
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/gvim.desktop
添加下面行:[Desktop Entry] Encoding=UTF-8 Name=gvim Comment=Edit text files Exec=gvim --remote-silent %U TryExec=gvim Terminal=false Type=Application StartupNotify=false MimeType=text/plain; Icon=text-editor Categories=GNOME;Application;Utility;TextEditor;
保存文件. - 指定gvim为默认文件编辑器 (可选).
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/defaults.list
替换该行:text/plain=gedit.desktop
为:text/plain=gvim.desktop
安装 Java 环境(Sun Java)
(参照 https://wiki.ubuntu.com/JavaPackageBuildNewVersions.)
-
sudo apt-get install java-package java-common sudo apt-get install build-essential
- 从http://java.sun.com/下载 JRE Linux 自解压文件(jre-1_5_0_06-linux-i586.bin, 非 RPM文件).
sudo apt-get install fakeroot fakeroot make-jpkg jre-1_5_0_06-linux-i586.bin sudo dpkg -i sun-j2re1.5_1.5.0+update06_i386.deb
-
sudo update-alternatives --config java
选择 sun java 选项.
安装编辑器 (JEdit)
- Install Java.
-
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
添加以下行:deb http://dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/jedit ./ deb-src http://dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/jedit ./
保存文件. -
sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install jedit
-
sudo gedit /usr/bin/jedit
替换:... ${JEDIT} -jar "/usr/share/jedit/jedit.jar" $@
为:... ${JEDIT} -jar "/usr/share/jedit/jedit.jar" -reuseview $@
安装游戏 (ScummVM)
-
sudo apt-get install scummvm sudo apt-get install beneath-a-steel-sky flight-of-the-amazon-queen
为 Cornell CS配置SSH
(参见 http://www.cs.cornell.edu/support/.)
-
pico ~/.ssh/config
添加下面行:host herakles hostname herakles.cs.cornell.edu user djm ForwardAgent yes LocalForward 2001 lion.cs.cornell.edu:22 IdentityFile ~/.ssh/herakles/id_dsa host lion hostname localhost user djm ForwardX11 yes port 2001 LocalForward 2002 smtp.cs.cornell.edu:25 LocalForward 2003 popsrv.cs.cornell.edu:110 LocalForward 2004 blather.cs.cornell.edu:515 LocalForward 2005 falcon.cs.cornell.edu:139 LocalForward 2006 cucsfs1.cs.cornell.edu:139 LocalForward 2007 [office_computer_name].u.cs.cornell.edu:3389 IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_dsa
为办公电脑配置远程桌面
- 为CCS配置SSH ,然后确认 localhost:2007 跳转到 [office_computer_name].u.cs.cornell.edu:3389.
-
ssh -N -f herakles ssh -N -f lion
-
rdesktop -r disk:sync=/home/[local_dir] localhost:2007
注意 disk:sync 要设置为绝对路径.
访问 CUCSFS1
(参见http://www.cs.cornell.edu/support/Linux/smbmount.htm.)
- 为CCS配置SSH.
-
ssh -N -f herakles ssh -N -f -L2006:cucsfs1.cs.cornell.edu:139 lion
-
smbclient //cucsfs1.cs.cornell.edu/a -U [user_name] -W CUCS -I localhost -p 2006
或者smbmount //localhost/a [local_dir] -o port=2006,username=[user_name],workgroup=CUCS smbumount [local_dir]
递归删除文件
- 例如要删除[dir]目录下的全部 *.afm文件:
cd [dir] find . -name "*.afm" -exec rm {} \;
添加/修改 缺省应用程序
-
sudo cp /usr/share/applications/defaults.list /usr/share/applications/defaults.list.backup
-
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/defaults.list
添加/修改 类似的项:[mime-type]=[new-app].desktop
查找安装了的软件:ls /usr/share/applications/*.desktop
查找安装了的MIME类型:ls /usr/share/applications/mime/[text|image|...]
-
killall gnome-panel killall nautilus
参考链接
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