Android实战技巧：多线程AsyncTask

Understanding AsyncTask

AsyncTask是Android 1.5 Cubake加入的用于实现异步操作的一个类，在此之前只能用Java SE库中的Thread来实现多线程异步，AsyncTask是Android平台自己的异步工具，融入了Android平台的特性，让异步操作更加的安全，方便和实用。实质上它也是对Java SE库中Thread的一个封装，加上了平台相关的特性，所以对于所有的多线程异步都强烈推荐使用AsyncTask，因为它考虑，也融入了Android平台的特性，更加的安全和高效。

AsyncTask可以方便的执行异步操作（doInBackground)，又能方便的与主线程进行通信，它本身又有良好的封装性，可以进行取消操作（cancel())。关于AsyncTask的使用，文档说的很明白，下面直接上实例。

实例

这个实例用AsyncTask到网络上下载图片，同时显示进度，下载完图片更新UI。

package com.hilton.effectiveandroid.concurrent; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.net.HttpURLConnection; import java.net.MalformedURLException; import java.net.URL; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.Context; import android.graphics.Bitmap; import android.graphics.BitmapFactory; import android.os.AsyncTask; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.SystemClock; import android.view.View; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.ImageView; import android.widget.ProgressBar; import com.hilton.effectiveandroid.R; /* * AsyncTask cannot be reused, i.e. if you have executed one AsyncTask, you must discard it, you cannot execute it again. * If you try to execute an executed AsyncTask, you will get "java.lang.IllegalStateException: Cannot execute task: the task is already running" * In this demo, if you click "get the image" button twice at any time, you will receive "IllegalStateException". * About cancellation: * You can call AsyncTask#cancel() at any time during AsyncTask executing, but the result is onPostExecute() is not called after * doInBackground() finishes, which means doInBackground() is not stopped. AsyncTask#isCancelled() returns true after cancel() getting * called, so if you want to really cancel the task, i.e. stop doInBackground(), you must check the return value of isCancelled() in * doInBackground, when there are loops in doInBackground in particular. * This is the same to Java threading, in which is no effective way to stop a running thread, only way to do is set a flag to thread, and check * the flag every time in Thread#run(), if flag is set, run() aborts. */ public class AsyncTaskDemoActivity extends Activity { private static final String ImageUrl = "http://i1.cqnews.net/sports/attachement/jpg/site82/2011-10-01/2960950278670008721.jpg"; private ProgressBar mProgressBar; private ImageView mImageView; private Button mGetImage; private Button mAbort; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle icicle) { super.onCreate(icicle); setContentView(R.layout.async_task_demo_activity); mProgressBar = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.async_task_progress); mImageView = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.async_task_displayer); final ImageLoader loader = new ImageLoader(); mGetImage = (Button) findViewById(R.id.async_task_get_image); mGetImage.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View v) { loader.execute(ImageUrl); } }); mAbort = (Button) findViewById(R.id.asyc_task_abort); mAbort.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View v) { loader.cancel(true); } }); mAbort.setEnabled(false); } private class ImageLoader extends AsyncTask<String, Integer, Bitmap> { private static final String TAG = "ImageLoader"; @Override protected void onPreExecute() { // Initialize progress and image mGetImage.setEnabled(false); mAbort.setEnabled(true); mProgressBar.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); mProgressBar.setProgress(0); mImageView.setImageResource(R.drawable.icon); } @Override protected Bitmap doInBackground(String... url) { /* * Fucking ridiculous thing happened here, to use any Internet connections, either via HttpURLConnection * or HttpClient, you must declare INTERNET permission in AndroidManifest.xml. Otherwise you will get * "UnknownHostException" when connecting or other tcp/ip/http exceptions rather than "SecurityException" * which tells you need to declare INTERNET permission. */ try { URL u; HttpURLConnection conn = null; InputStream in = null; OutputStream out = null; final String filename = "local_temp_image"; try { u = new URL(url[0]); conn = (HttpURLConnection) u.openConnection(); conn.setDoInput(true); conn.setDoOutput(false); conn.setConnectTimeout(20 * 1000); in = conn.getInputStream(); out = openFileOutput(filename, Context.MODE_PRIVATE); byte[] buf = new byte[8196]; int seg = 0; final long total = conn.getContentLength(); long current = 0; /* * Without checking isCancelled(), the loop continues until reading whole image done, i.e. the progress * continues go up to 100. But onPostExecute() will not be called. * By checking isCancelled(), we can stop immediately, i.e. progress stops immediately when cancel() is called. */ while (!isCancelled() && (seg = in.read(buf)) != -1) { out.write(buf, 0, seg); current += seg; int progress = (int) ((float) current / (float) total * 100f); publishProgress(progress); SystemClock.sleep(1000); } } finally { if (conn != null) { conn.disconnect(); } if (in != null) { in.close(); } if (out != null) { out.close(); } } return BitmapFactory.decodeFile(getFileStreamPath(filename).getAbsolutePath()); } catch (MalformedURLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return null; } @Override protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... progress) { mProgressBar.setProgress(progress[0]); } @Override protected void onPostExecute(Bitmap image) { if (image != null) { mImageView.setImageBitmap(image); } mProgressBar.setProgress(100); mProgressBar.setVisibility(View.GONE); mAbort.setEnabled(false); } } } 运行结果

先后顺序分别是下载前，下载中和下载后

总结

关于怎么使用看文档和这个例子就够了，下面说下，使用时的注意事项：

1. AsyncTask对象不可重复使用，也就是说一个AsyncTask对象只能execute()一次，否则会有异常抛出"java.lang.IllegalStateException: Cannot execute task: the task is already running"
2. 在doInBackground()中要检查isCancelled()的返回值，如果你的异步任务是可以取消的话。

cancel()仅仅是给AsyncTask对象设置了一个标识位，当调用了cancel()后，发生的事情只有:AsyncTask对象的标识位变了，和doInBackground()执行完成后，onPostExecute()不会被回调了，而doInBackground()和onProgressUpdate()还是会继续执行直到doInBackground()结束。所以要在doInBackground()中不断的检查isCancellled()的返回值，当其返回true时就停止执行，特别是有循环的时候。如上面的例子，如果把读取数据的isCancelled()检查去掉，图片还是会下载，进度也一直会走，只是最后图片不会放到UI上(因为onPostExecute()没被回调)!

这里的原因其实很好理解，想想Java SE的Thread吧，是没有方法将其直接Cacncel掉的，那些线程取消也无非就是给线程设置标识位，然后在run()方法中不断的检查标识而已。

3. 如果要在应用程序中使用网络，一定不要忘记在AndroidManifest中声明INTERNET权限，否则会报出很诡异的异常信息，比如上面的例子，如果把INTERNET权限拿掉会抛出"UnknownHostException"。刚开始很疑惑，因为模拟器是可以正常上网的，后来Google了下才发现原来是没权限，但是疑问还是没有消除，既然没有声明网络权限，为什么不直接提示无网络权限呢?

对比Java SE的Thread

Thread是非常原始的类，它只有一个run()方法，一旦开始，无法停止，它仅适合于一个非常独立的异步任务，也即不需要与主线程交互，对于其他情况，比如需要取消或与主线程交互，都需添加额外的代码来实现，并且还要注意同步的问题。

而AsyncTask是封装好了的，可以直接拿来用，如果你仅执行独立的异步任务，可以仅实现doInBackground()。

所以，当有一个非常独立的任务时，可以考虑使用Thread，其他时候，尽可能的用AsyncTask。