Struts2的一些常量和含义的应用

首先，当我们学习一个框架的时，一般可以参考框架自带的示例项目。例如struts2，刚入门的时候，可以参考其自带的blank项目。当部署完这个项目后，开启tomcat服务，在地址栏里输入请求的action路径时，可以发现，虽然没有给该action定义扩展名，但是地址里输入的action路径没有扩展名或者扩展名为action时都可以通过。为什么呢？这是由struts2的默认配置属性决定的。

常量的默认配置在struts2-core-2.1.8.1/org/apache/struts2/default.properties文件里，像定义访问action的默认扩展名、开发模式设置、i18n以及默认字符编码等等，例如struts.action.extension=action,,。

应当注意的是，一般情况不要修改框架系统的原始文件，如果要更改默认的配置项，可以采用覆盖的方式。struts.xml是struts2的基本配置文件之一。该文件内可以配置多个常量，以覆盖默认的常量配置，例如<constant name="struts.action.extension" value="do,," />表示action的可用扩展名为do或者不用扩展名。

常量可以在下面多个文件中进行定义，struts2加载常量的搜索顺序如下，后面的设置可以覆盖前面的设置：
default.properties文件
struts-default.xml
struts-plugin.xml
struts.xml
struts.properties（为了与webwork向后兼容而提供）
web.xml

下面列举几个常用的常量

### This can be used to set your default locale and encoding scheme # struts.locale=en_US struts.i18n.encoding=UTF-8//指定默认编码

# uses javax.servlet.context.tempdir by default struts.multipart.saveDir= struts.multipart.maxSize=2097152//上传文件大小限制

### Used by the DefaultActionMapper ### You may provide a comma separated list, e.g. struts.action.extension=action,jnlp,do ### The blank extension allows you to match directory listings as well as pure action names ### without interfering with static resources. struts.action.extension=action,,//指定处理请求的后缀
### Used by FilterDispatcher ### This is good for development where one wants changes to the static content be ### fetch on each request. ### NOTE: This will only have effect if struts.serve.static=true ### If true -> Struts will write out header for static contents such that they will ### be cached by web browsers (using Date, Cache-Content, Pragma, Expires) ### headers). ### If false -> Struts will write out header for static contents such that they are ### NOT to be cached by web browser (using Cache-Content, Pragma, Expires ### headers) struts.serve.static.browserCache=true//指定是否缓存静态资源，开发的时候最好关闭
### when set to true, Struts will act much more friendly for developers. This ### includes: ### - struts.i18n.reload = true ### - struts.configuration.xml.reload = true ### - raising various debug or ignorable problems to errors ### For example: normally a request to foo.action?someUnknownField=true should ### be ignored (given that any value can come from the web and it ### should not be trusted). However, during development, it may be ### useful to know when these errors are happening and be told of ### them right away. struts.devMode = false//开发时候设置为trus可以开发出更加详细的信息
### Standard UI theme ### Change this to reflect which path should be used for JSP control tag templates by default struts.ui.theme=xhtml//设置默认视图，最好为simple
### Configuration reloading ### This will cause the configuration to reload struts.xml when it is changed struts.configuration.xml.reload=false//设置为True一旦Struts.xml文件修改就自动加载