在web开发中,有一个经典的功能,就是数据的导入导出。特别是数据的导出,在生产管理或者财务系统中用的非常普遍,因为这些系统经常要做一些报表打印的工作。而数据导出的格式一般是EXCEL或者PDF,我这里就用两篇文章分别给大家介绍下。(注意,我们这里说的数据导出可不是数据库中的数据导出!么误会啦^_^)
呵呵,首先我们来导出EXCEL格式的文件吧。现在主流的操作Excel文件的开源工具有很多,用得比较多的就是Apache的POI及JExcelAPI。这里我们用Apache POI!我们先去Apache的大本营下载POI的jar包:http://poi.apache.org/,我这里使用的是3.0.2版本。
将3个jar包导入到classpath下,什么?忘了怎么导包?不会吧!好,我们来写一个导出Excel的实用类(所谓实用,是指基本不用怎么修改就可以在实际项目中直接使用的!)。我一直强调做类也好,做方法也好,一定要通用性和灵活性强。下面这个类就算基本贯彻了我的这种思想。那么,熟悉许老师风格的人应该知道,这时候该要甩出一长串代码了。没错,大伙请看:
- packagecom.j.bean;
- publicclassBook{
- privateintbookId;
- privateStringname;
- privateStringauthor;
- privatefloatprice;
- privateStringisbn;
- privateStringpubName;
- privatebyte[]preface;
- publicBook(){
- super();
- }
- publicBook(intbookId,Stringname,Stringauthor,floatprice,
- Stringisbn,StringpubName,byte[]preface){
- super();
- this.bookId=bookId;
- this.name=name;
- this.author=author;
- this.price=price;
- this.isbn=isbn;
- this.pubName=pubName;
- this.preface=preface;
- }
- publicintgetBookId(){
- returnbookId;
- }
- publicvoidsetBookId(intbookId){
- this.bookId=bookId;
- }
- publicStringgetName(){
- returnname;
- }
- publicvoidsetName(Stringname){
- this.name=name;
- }
- publicStringgetAuthor(){
- returnauthor;
- }
- publicvoidsetAuthor(Stringauthor){
- this.author=author;
- }
- publicfloatgetPrice(){
- returnprice;
- }
- publicvoidsetPrice(floatprice){
- this.price=price;
- }
- publicStringgetIsbn(){
- returnisbn;
- }
- publicvoidsetIsbn(Stringisbn){
- this.isbn=isbn;
- }
- publicStringgetPubName(){
- returnpubName;
- }
- publicvoidsetPubName(StringpubName){
- this.pubName=pubName;
- }
- publicbyte[]getPreface(){
- returnpreface;
- }
- publicvoidsetPreface(byte[]preface){
- this.preface=preface;
- }
- }
- packagecom.j.bean;
- importjava.util.Date;
- publicclassStudent{
- privatelongid;
- privateStringname;
- privateintage;
- privatebooleansex;
- privateDatebirthday;
- publicStudent(){
- super();
- }
- publicStudent(longid,Stringname,intage,booleansex,Datebirthday){
- super();
- this.id=id;
- this.name=name;
- this.age=age;
- this.sex=sex;
- this.birthday=birthday;
- }
- publiclonggetId(){
- returnid;
- }
- publicvoidsetId(longid){
- this.id=id;
- }
- publicStringgetName(){
- returnname;
- }
- publicvoidsetName(Stringname){
- this.name=name;
- }
- publicintgetAge(){
- returnage;
- }
- publicvoidsetAge(intage){
- this.age=age;
- }
- publicbooleangetSex(){
- returnsex;
- }
- publicvoidsetSex(booleansex){
- this.sex=sex;
- }
- publicDategetBirthday(){
- returnbirthday;
- }
- publicvoidsetBirthday(Datebirthday){
- this.birthday=birthday;
- }
- }
上面这两个类一目了然,就是两个简单的javabean风格的类。再看下面真正的重点类:
- packagecom.j.util;
- importjava.io.BufferedInputStream;
- importjava.io.FileInputStream;
- importjava.io.FileNotFoundException;
- importjava.io.FileOutputStream;
- importjava.io.IOException;
- importjava.io.OutputStream;
- importjava.lang.reflect.Field;
- importjava.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
- importjava.lang.reflect.Method;
- importjava.text.SimpleDateFormat;
- importjava.util.ArrayList;
- importjava.util.Collection;
- importjava.util.Date;
- importjava.util.Iterator;
- importjava.util.List;
- importjava.util.regex.Matcher;
- importjava.util.regex.Pattern;
- importjavax.swing.JOptionPane;
- importorg.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell;
- importorg.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCellStyle;
- importorg.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFClientAnchor;
- importorg.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFComment;
- importorg.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFFont;
- importorg.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFPatriarch;
- importorg.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRichTextString;
- importorg.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow;
- importorg.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;
- importorg.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
- importorg.apache.poi.hssf.util.HSSFColor;
- importcom.j.bean.Book;
- importcom.j.bean.Student;
- publicclassExportExcel<T>{
- publicvoidexportExcel(Collection<T>dataset,OutputStreamout){
- exportExcel("测试POI导出EXCEL文档",null,dataset,out,"yyyy-MM-dd");
- }
- publicvoidexportExcel(String[]headers,Collection<T>dataset,
- OutputStreamout){
- exportExcel("测试POI导出EXCEL文档",headers,dataset,out,"yyyy-MM-dd");
- }
- publicvoidexportExcel(String[]headers,Collection<T>dataset,
- OutputStreamout,Stringpattern){
- exportExcel("测试POI导出EXCEL文档",headers,dataset,out,pattern);
- }
- /**
- *这是一个通用的方法,利用了JAVA的反射机制,可以将放置在JAVA集合中并且符号一定条件的数据以EXCEL的形式输出到指定IO设备上
- *
- *@paramtitle
- *表格标题名
- *@paramheaders
- *表格属性列名数组
- *@paramdataset
- *需要显示的数据集合,集合中一定要放置符合javabean风格的类的对象。此方法支持的
- *javabean属性的数据类型有基本数据类型及String,Date,byte[](图片数据)
- *@paramout
- *与输出设备关联的流对象,可以将EXCEL文档导出到本地文件或者网络中
- *@parampattern
- *如果有时间数据,设定输出格式。默认为"yyy-MM-dd"
- */
- @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
- publicvoidexportExcel(Stringtitle,String[]headers,
- Collection<T>dataset,OutputStreamout,Stringpattern){
- //声明一个工作薄
- HSSFWorkbookworkbook=newHSSFWorkbook();
- //生成一个表格
- HSSFSheetsheet=workbook.createSheet(title);
- //设置表格默认列宽度为15个字节
- sheet.setDefaultColumnWidth((short)15);
- //生成一个样式
- HSSFCellStylestyle=workbook.createCellStyle();
- //设置这些样式
- style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.SKY_BLUE.index);
- style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
- style.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
- style.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
- style.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
- style.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
- style.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
- //生成一个字体
- HSSFFontfont=workbook.createFont();
- font.setColor(HSSFColor.VIOLET.index);
- font.setFontHeightInPoints((short)12);
- font.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD);
- //把字体应用到当前的样式
- style.setFont(font);
- //生成并设置另一个样式
- HSSFCellStylestyle2=workbook.createCellStyle();
- style2.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.LIGHT_YELLOW.index);
- style2.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
- style2.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
- style2.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
- style2.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
- style2.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
- style2.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
- style2.setVerticalAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);
- //生成另一个字体
- HSSFFontfont2=workbook.createFont();
- font2.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_NORMAL);
- //把字体应用到当前的样式
- style2.setFont(font2);
- //声明一个画图的顶级管理器
- HSSFPatriarchpatriarch=sheet.createDrawingPatriarch();
- //定义注释的大小和位置,详见文档
- HSSFCommentcomment=patriarch.createComment(newHSSFClientAnchor(0,0,0,0,(short)4,2,(short)6,5));
- //设置注释内容
- comment.setString(newHSSFRichTextString("可以在POI中添加注释!"));
- //设置注释作者,当鼠标移动到单元格上是可以在状态栏中看到该内容.
- comment.setAuthor("leno");
- //产生表格标题行
- HSSFRowrow=sheet.createRow(0);
- for(shorti=0;i<headers.length;i++){
- HSSFCellcell=row.createCell(i);
- cell.setCellStyle(style);
- HSSFRichTextStringtext=newHSSFRichTextString(headers[i]);
- cell.setCellValue(text);
- }
- //遍历集合数据,产生数据行
- Iterator<T>it=dataset.iterator();
- intindex=0;
- while(it.hasNext()){
- index++;
- row=sheet.createRow(index);
- Tt=(T)it.next();
- //利用反射,根据javabean属性的先后顺序,动态调用getXxx()方法得到属性值
- Field[]fields=t.getClass().getDeclaredFields();
- for(shorti=0;i<fields.length;i++){
- HSSFCellcell=row.createCell(i);
- cell.setCellStyle(style2);
- Fieldfield=fields[i];
- StringfieldName=field.getName();
- StringgetMethodName="get"
- +fieldName.substring(0,1).toUpperCase()
- +fieldName.substring(1);
- try{
- ClasstCls=t.getClass();
- MethodgetMethod=tCls.getMethod(getMethodName,
- newClass[]{});
- Objectvalue=getMethod.invoke(t,newObject[]{});
- //判断值的类型后进行强制类型转换
- StringtextValue=null;
- //if(valueinstanceofInteger){
- //intintValue=(Integer)value;
- //cell.setCellValue(intValue);
- //}elseif(valueinstanceofFloat){
- //floatfValue=(Float)value;
- //textValue=newHSSFRichTextString(
- //String.valueOf(fValue));
- //cell.setCellValue(textValue);
- //}elseif(valueinstanceofDouble){
- //doubledValue=(Double)value;
- //textValue=newHSSFRichTextString(
- //String.valueOf(dValue));
- //cell.setCellValue(textValue);
- //}elseif(valueinstanceofLong){
- //longlongValue=(Long)value;
- //cell.setCellValue(longValue);
- //}
- if(valueinstanceofBoolean){
- booleanbValue=(Boolean)value;
- textValue="男";
- if(!bValue){
- textValue="女";
- }
- }elseif(valueinstanceofDate){
- Datedate=(Date)value;
- SimpleDateFormatsdf=newSimpleDateFormat(pattern);
- textValue=sdf.format(date);
- }elseif(valueinstanceofbyte[]){
- //有图片时,设置行高为60px;
- row.setHeightInPoints(60);
- //设置图片所在列宽度为80px,注意这里单位的一个换算
- sheet.setColumnWidth(i,(short)(35.7*80));
- //sheet.autoSizeColumn(i);
- byte[]bsValue=(byte[])value;
- HSSFClientAnchoranchor=newHSSFClientAnchor(0,0,
- 1023,255,(short)6,index,(short)6,index);
- anchor.setAnchorType(2);
- patriarch.createPicture(anchor,workbook.addPicture(
- bsValue,HSSFWorkbook.PICTURE_TYPE_JPEG));
- }else{
- //其它数据类型都当作字符串简单处理
- textValue=value.toString();
- }
- //如果不是图片数据,就利用正则表达式判断textValue是否全部由数字组成
- if(textValue!=null){
- Patternp=Pattern.compile("^//d+(//.//d+)?$");
- Matchermatcher=p.matcher(textValue);
- if(matcher.matches()){
- //是数字当作double处理
- cell.setCellValue(Double.parseDouble(textValue));
- }else{
- HSSFRichTextStringrichString=newHSSFRichTextString(textValue);
- HSSFFontfont3=workbook.createFont();
- font3.setColor(HSSFColor.BLUE.index);
- richString.applyFont(font3);
- cell.setCellValue(richString);
- }
- }
- }catch(SecurityExceptione){
- //TODOAuto-generatedcatchblock
- e.printStackTrace();
- }catch(NoSuchMethodExceptione){
- //TODOAuto-generatedcatchblock
- e.printStackTrace();
- }catch(IllegalArgumentExceptione){
- //TODOAuto-generatedcatchblock
- e.printStackTrace();
- }catch(IllegalAccessExceptione){
- //TODOAuto-generatedcatchblock
- e.printStackTrace();
- }catch(InvocationTargetExceptione){
- //TODOAuto-generatedcatchblock
- e.printStackTrace();
- }finally{
- //清理资源
- }
- }
- }
- try{
- workbook.write(out);
- }catch(IOExceptione){
- //TODOAuto-generatedcatchblock
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){
- //测试学生
- ExportExcel<Student>ex=newExportExcel<Student>();
- String[]headers={"学号","姓名","年龄","性别","出生日期"};
- List<Student>dataset=newArrayList<Student>();
- dataset.add(newStudent(10000001,"张三",20,true,newDate()));
- dataset.add(newStudent(20000002,"李四",24,false,newDate()));
- dataset.add(newStudent(30000003,"王五",22,true,newDate()));
- //测试图书
- ExportExcel<Book>ex2=newExportExcel<Book>();
- String[]headers2={"图书编号","图书名称","图书作者","图书价格","图书ISBN",
- "图书出版社","封面图片"};
- List<Book>dataset2=newArrayList<Book>();
- try{
- BufferedInputStreambis=newBufferedInputStream(
- newFileInputStream("book.jpg"));
- byte[]buf=newbyte[bis.available()];
- while((bis.read(buf))!=-1){
- //
- }
- dataset2.add(newBook(1,"jsp","leno",300.33f,"1234567",
- "清华出版社",buf));
- dataset2.add(newBook(2,"java编程思想","brucl",300.33f,"1234567",
- "阳光出版社",buf));
- dataset2.add(newBook(3,"DOM艺术","lenotang",300.33f,"1234567",
- "清华出版社",buf));
- dataset2.add(newBook(4,"c++经典","leno",400.33f,"1234567",
- "清华出版社",buf));
- dataset2.add(newBook(5,"c#入门","leno",300.33f,"1234567",
- "汤春秀出版社",buf));
- OutputStreamout=newFileOutputStream("E://a.xls");
- OutputStreamout2=newFileOutputStream("E://b.xls");
- ex.exportExcel(headers,dataset,out);
- ex2.exportExcel(headers2,dataset2,out2);
- out.close();
- JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,"导出成功!");
- System.out.println("excel导出成功!");
- }catch(FileNotFoundExceptione){
- //TODOAuto-generatedcatchblock
- e.printStackTrace();
- }catch(IOExceptione){
- //TODOAuto-generatedcatchblock
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
不行,头有点晕^_^。呵呵,又是泛型,又是反射,又是正则表达式,又是重载,还有多参数列表和POI API。一下子蹦出来,实在让人吃不消。不管了,顶住看效果先。在本地运行后,我们发现在E://下生成了两份excel文件:学生记录和图书记录,并且中文,数字,颜色,日期,图片等等一且正常。恩,太棒了。有人看到这里开始苦脸了:喂,我怎么一运行就报错啊!呵呵,看看什么错吧!哦,找不到文件,也就是说你没有book.jpg嘛。好,拷贝一张小巧的图书图片命名为book.jpg放置到当前工程下吧。注意,您千万别把张桌面大小的图片丢进去了^_^!看到效果了吧。现在我们再来简单梳理一下代码,实际上上面就做了一个导出excel的方法和一个本地测试main()方法。并且代码的结构也很清晰,只是涉及的知识点稍微多一点。大家细心看看注释,结合要完成的功能,应该没有太大问题的。好啦,吃杯茶,擦把汗,总算把这个类消化掉,你又进步了。咦,你不是说是在WEB环境下导出的吗?别急,因为导出就是一个下载的过程。我们只需要在服务器端写一个Jsp或者Servlet组件完成输出excel到浏览器客户端的工作就好了。我们以Servlet为例,还是看代码吧:
- packagecom.j.servlet;
- importjava.io.BufferedInputStream;
- importjava.io.File;
- importjava.io.FileInputStream;
- importjava.io.FileNotFoundException;
- importjava.io.IOException;
- importjava.io.OutputStream;
- importjava.util.ArrayList;
- importjava.util.List;
- importjavax.servlet.ServletException;
- importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
- importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
- importcom.j.bean.Book;
- importcom.j.util.ExportExcel;
- publicclassExcelServletextendsHttpServlet{
- staticfinallongserialVersionUID=1L;
- protectedvoiddoGet(HttpServletRequestrequest,
- HttpServletResponseresponse)throwsServletException,IOException{
- Filefile=newFile(getServletContext()
- .getRealPath("WEB-INF/book.jpg"));
- response.setContentType("octets/stream");
- response.addHeader("Content-Disposition",
- "attachment;filename=test.xlsx");
- //测试图书
- ExportExcel<Book>ex=newExportExcel<Book>();
- String[]headers={"图书编号","图书名称","图书作者","图书价格","图书ISBN","图书出版社",
- "封面图片"};
- List<Book>dataset=newArrayList<Book>();
- try{
- BufferedInputStreambis=newBufferedInputStream(
- newFileInputStream(file));
- byte[]buf=newbyte[bis.available()];
- while((bis.read(buf))!=-1){
- //将图片数据存放到缓冲数组中
- }
- dataset.add(newBook(1,"jsp","leno",300.33f,"1234567","清华出版社",
- buf));
- dataset.add(newBook(2,"java编程思想","brucl",300.33f,"1234567",
- "阳光出版社",buf));
- dataset.add(newBook(3,"DOM艺术","lenotang",300.33f,"1234567",
- "清华出版社",buf));
- dataset.add(newBook(4,"c++经典","leno",400.33f,"1234567",
- "清华出版社",buf));
- dataset.add(newBook(5,"c#入门","leno",300.33f,"1234567",
- "汤春秀出版社",buf));
- OutputStreamout=response.getOutputStream();
- ex.exportExcel(headers,dataset,out);
- out.close();
- System.out.println("excel导出成功!");
- }catch(FileNotFoundExceptione){
- //TODOAuto-generatedcatchblock
- e.printStackTrace();
- }catch(IOExceptione){
- //TODOAuto-generatedcatchblock
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- protectedvoiddoPost(HttpServletRequestrequest,
- HttpServletResponseresponse)throwsServletException,IOException{
- doGet(request,response);
- }
- }
写完之后,如果您不是用eclipse工具生成的Servlet,千万别忘了在web.xml上注册这个Servelt。而且同样的,拷贝一张小巧的图书图片命名为book.jpg放置到当前WEB根目录的/WEB-INF/下。部署好web工程,用浏览器访问Servlet看下效果吧!是不是下载成功了。呵呵,您可以将下载到本地的excel报表用打印机打印出来,这样您就大功告成了。完事了我们就思考:我们发现,我们做的方法,不管是本地调用,还是在WEB服务器端用Servlet调用;不管是输出学生列表,还是图书列表信息,代码都几乎一样,而且这些数据我们很容器结合后台的DAO操作数据库动态获取。恩,类和方法的通用性和灵活性开始有点感觉了。好啦,祝您学习愉快!
jsp/servlet测试通过。。。
poi-3.0.2-FINAL-20080204.jar下载地址: