fork,exec族函数的使用

exec用被执行的程序完全替换调用它的程序的影像。

fork创建一个新的进程就产生了一个新的PID，exec启动一个新程序，替换原有的进程，因此这个新的被exec执行的进程的PID不会改变，和调用exec函数的进程一样。

#include <uniSTd.h>

　　int execl(cONst char *path, const char *arg, ...);

　　int execlp(const char *file, const char *arg, ...);

　　int execle(const char *path, const char *arg, ..., char *const envp[]);

　　int execv(const char *path, char *const argv[]);

　　int execvp(const char *file, char *const argv[]);

　　int execve(const char *path, char *const argv[], char *const envp[]);

　　exec函数族装入并运行程序pathname，并将参数arg0(arg1,arg2,argv[],envp[])传递给子程序，出错返回-1。在exec函数族中，后缀l、v、p、e添加到exec后，所指定的函数将具有某种操作能力有后缀：

　　其中只有execve是真正意义上的系统调用，其它都是在此基础上经过包装的库函数。

自己写的一个编译程序的代码（待完善

/* * ===================================================================================== * * Filename: temp.c * * Description: * * Version: 1.0 * Created: 2012年01月06日 19时35分59秒 * Revision: none * Compiler: gcc * * Author: MaZheng (blog.csdn.net/mazheng1989), mazheng19891019@gmail.com * Company: Dalian University Of Technology * * ===================================================================================== */ #include <unistd.h> #include <ios> #include <iostream> #include <fstream> #include <string> #include <string.h> using namespace std; // // // process_mem_usage(double &, double &) - takes two doubles by reference, // attempts to read the system-dependent data for a process' virtual memory // size and resident set size, and return the results in KB. // // On failure, returns 0.0, 0.0 void process_mem_usage(double& vm_usage, double& resident_set) { using std::ios_base; using std::ifstream; using std::string; vm_usage = 0.0; resident_set = 0.0; // 'file' stat seems to give the most reliable results // ifstream stat_stream("/proc/self/stat",ios_base::in); // dummy vars for leading entries in stat that we don't care about // string pid, comm, state, ppid, pgrp, session, tty_nr; string tpgid, flags, minflt, cminflt, majflt, cmajflt; string utime, stime, cutime, cstime, priority, nice; string O, itrealvalue, starttime; // the two fields we want // unsigned long vsize; long rss; stat_stream >> pid >> comm >> state >> ppid >> pgrp >> session >> tty_nr >> tpgid >> flags >> minflt >> cminflt >> majflt >> cmajflt >> utime >> stime >> cutime >> cstime >> priority >> nice >> O >> itrealvalue >> starttime >> vsize >> rss; // don't care about the rest stat_stream.close(); long page_size_kb = sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE) / 1024; // in case x86-64 is configured to use 2MB pages vm_usage = vsize / 1024.0; resident_set = rss * page_size_kb; } int main(int argv,char **args) { pid_t pid=fork(); if(pid!=0) return 0; if(argv>0) { int len=strlen(args[1]); printf("%d\n",len); if(args[1][len-1]=='c'&&args[1][len-2]=='.') { char *str=new char[len+3]; memcpy(str+2,args[1],len); str[len+2]='\0'; str[len+1]='o'; str[0]='.'; str[1]='/'; pid=fork(); if(pid!=0) { execl("/usr/bin/gcc","gcc","-o",str,args[1],NULL); return 0; } else { printf("zhixing%s %s\n",args[1],str); execv(str,NULL); printf("mazheng\n"); } } } using std::cout; using std::endl; double vm, rss; process_mem_usage(vm, rss); cout << "VM: " << vm << " RSS: " << rss << endl; }