<<Junit In Action>>是一本比较著名的关于JUnit的书。
当谈到JUnit单元测试技术的时候,举出了两种测试方法,Stub和Mock。Stub的大概概念如下:Stub是代码的一部分。其目的就是用简单的行为替换复杂的行为,从而允许独立地测试代码的一部分;Mock Object是使用来代替与你的代码协作的对象的对象,这样代码可以调用Mock Object的方法,这些方法的调用的结果是由你的测试设置好的。Stub适合替代代码中粗粒度的测试,通常用来替代成熟的外部系统,Mock技术能够提供更精细的控制,能够更完备地测试对象的行为。
下面是示例代码是关于Mock的一个例子。
测试目标代码:
public
class
Account
...
{
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
privateStringaccountId;
privatelongbalance;
publicAccount(StringaccountId,longinitialBalance)...{
this.accountId=accountId;
this.balance=initialBalance;
}
publicvoiddebit(longamount)...{
this.balance-=amount;
}
publicvoidcredit(longamount)...{
this.balance+=amount;
}
publiclonggetBalance()...{
returnthis.balance;
}
}
public interface AccountManager ... {
publicAccountfindAccountForUser(StringuserId);
publicvoidupdateAccount(Accountaccount);
}
public class AccountService ... {
privateAccountManageraccountManager;
publicvoidsetAccountManager(AccountManagermanager)...{
this.accountManager=manager;
}
publicvoidtransfer(StringsenderId,StringbeneficiaryId,longamount)...{
Accountsender=this.accountManager.findAccountForUser(senderId);
Accountbeneficiary=this.accountManager
.findAccountForUser(beneficiaryId);
sender.debit(amount);
beneficiary.credit(amount);
this.accountManager.updateAccount(sender);
this.accountManager.updateAccount(beneficiary);
}
}
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
privateStringaccountId;
privatelongbalance;
publicAccount(StringaccountId,longinitialBalance)...{
this.accountId=accountId;
this.balance=initialBalance;
}
publicvoiddebit(longamount)...{
this.balance-=amount;
}
publicvoidcredit(longamount)...{
this.balance+=amount;
}
publiclonggetBalance()...{
returnthis.balance;
}
}
public interface AccountManager ... {
publicAccountfindAccountForUser(StringuserId);
publicvoidupdateAccount(Accountaccount);
}
public class AccountService ... {
privateAccountManageraccountManager;
publicvoidsetAccountManager(AccountManagermanager)...{
this.accountManager=manager;
}
publicvoidtransfer(StringsenderId,StringbeneficiaryId,longamount)...{
Accountsender=this.accountManager.findAccountForUser(senderId);
Accountbeneficiary=this.accountManager
.findAccountForUser(beneficiaryId);
sender.debit(amount);
beneficiary.credit(amount);
this.accountManager.updateAccount(sender);
this.accountManager.updateAccount(beneficiary);
}
}
测试代码:
public
class
MockAccountManager
implements
AccountManager
...
{
privateHashtableaccounts=newHashtable();
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
publicvoidaddAccount(StringuserId,Accountaccount)...{
this.accounts.put(userId,account);
}
publicAccountfindAccountForUser(StringuserId)...{
return(Account)this.accounts.get(userId);
}
publicvoidupdateAccount(Accountaccount)...{
//donothing
}
}
public class AccountServiceTest extends TestCase ... {
publicvoidtestTransfer()...{
MockAccountManagermockAccountManager=newMockAccountManager();
AccountsenderAccount=newAccount("1",200);
AccountbeneficiaryAccount=newAccount("2",100);
mockAccountManager.addAccount("1",senderAccount);
mockAccountManager.addAccount("2",beneficiaryAccount);
AccountServiceaccountService=newAccountService();
accountService.setAccountManager(mockAccountManager);
accountService.transfer("1","2",50);
assertEquals(150,senderAccount.getBalance());
assertEquals(150,beneficiaryAccount.getBalance());
}
}
privateHashtableaccounts=newHashtable();
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
publicvoidaddAccount(StringuserId,Accountaccount)...{
this.accounts.put(userId,account);
}
publicAccountfindAccountForUser(StringuserId)...{
return(Account)this.accounts.get(userId);
}
publicvoidupdateAccount(Accountaccount)...{
//donothing
}
}
public class AccountServiceTest extends TestCase ... {
publicvoidtestTransfer()...{
MockAccountManagermockAccountManager=newMockAccountManager();
AccountsenderAccount=newAccount("1",200);
AccountbeneficiaryAccount=newAccount("2",100);
mockAccountManager.addAccount("1",senderAccount);
mockAccountManager.addAccount("2",beneficiaryAccount);
AccountServiceaccountService=newAccountService();
accountService.setAccountManager(mockAccountManager);
accountService.transfer("1","2",50);
assertEquals(150,senderAccount.getBalance());
assertEquals(150,beneficiaryAccount.getBalance());
}
}