list 和set

//获取所有班级
		List<Grade> allGrades = gradeService.getAll();
			Exam exam = examService.getWithGrades(examId);
//获取拥有的班级
			Set<Grade> rightGrades = exam.getGrades();
//从所有班级中删除拥有的班级
			allGrades.removeAll(rightGrades);

要达到效果，必须重写Grade对象的equals方法和hashcode方法.

	@Override
	public boolean equals(Object obj) {
		Grade grade = (Grade) obj;
		Long objId = grade.getId();
		if (objId != null && id != null) {
			if (objId.equals(id)) {
				return true;
			}
		}
		return super.equals(obj);
	}

	@Override
	public int hashCode() {
		if (id != null) {
			return id.intValue();
		}
		return super.hashCode();
	}