oracle工具：logminer的简单使用

我的环境：
[root@localhost ~]# uname -a
Linux localhost.localdomain 2.6.18-308.el5xen #1 SMP Fri Jan 27 17:59:00 EST 2012 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux

sys@ORCL> select * from v$version where rownum=1;

BANNER
----------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Prod

10g其实不需要生成dictionary文件了。只要直接把日志文件加载，然后分析即可。

1 产生数据库操作

hr@ORCL> drop table t purge;

Table dropped.

hr@ORCL> create table logmnr_test (id number,name varchar2(20));

Table created.

hr@ORCL> insert into logmnr_test values(1,'think');

1 row created.

hr@ORCL> insert into logmnr_test values(2,'water');

1 row created.

hr@ORCL> commit;                    

Commit complete.

hr@ORCL> select sequence#,status from v$log;

 SEQUENCE# STATUS
---------- ----------------
        14 CURRENT
        13 INACTIVE
        12 INACTIVE
hr@ORCL> update logmnr_test set name='think_pad' where id=2;

1 row updated.

hr@ORCL> commit;

Commit complete.

hr@ORCL> alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

hr@ORCL> select sequence#,name from v$archived_log;

 SEQUENCE#
----------
NAME
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.............................
        14
/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2012_09_09/o1_mf_1_14_84qrj5co_.arc

2 为分析指定日志文件

sys@ORCL> select db_name,thread_sqn,filename
  2         from v$logmnr_logs;

no rows selected

sys@ORCL> exec DBMS_LOGMNR.ADD_LOGFILE('/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2012_09_09/o1_mf_1_14_84qrj5co_.arc',dbms_logmnr.NEW);

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

若想接着分析更多的日志，把dbms_logmnr.NEW改成dbms_logmnr.addfile即可。

sys@ORCL> select db_name,thread_sqn,filename from v$logmnr_logs;

DB_NAME  THREAD_SQN
-------- ----------
FILENAME
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORCL             14
/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2012_09_09/o1_mf_1_14_84qrj5co_.arc

3 启动logminer

sys@ORCL> exec DBMS_LOGMNR.START_LOGMNR(OPTIONS => SYS.DBMS_LOGMNR.DICT_FROM_ONLINE_CATALOG);

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

若是大数据量的分析，可以指定SCN或者时间的范围。

4 分析日志的内容
1)检查数据更改的细节
数据库里面的数据可能意想不到的原因或者错误而发生改变，在重做日志文件中可以找到这些更改的细节，比如：谁做了这些改变？什么时候改的？怎么改的？

select operation,timestamp,scn from v$logmnr_contents
 where seg_name='LOGMNR_TEST' and
       seg_owner='HR' and
       seg_type_name='TABLE';

OPERATION                        TIMESTAMP                  SCN
-------------------------------- ------------------- ----------
DDL                              2012/09/09 08:20:47     721905

select sql_redo,sql_undo from v$logmnr_contents
 where seg_name='LOGMNR_TEST' and
       seg_owner='HR' and
       seg_type_name='TABLE';
       
SQL_REDO
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SQL_UNDO
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
create table logmnr_test (id number,name varchar2(20));

select username,session_info from v$logmnr_contents
 where seg_name='LOGMNR_TEST' and
       seg_owner='HR' and
       seg_type_name='TABLE'

2)执行容量分析
如分析表产生DML的频数和频率

select operation,timestamp,count(*) total from v$logmnr_contents
 where seg_name='LOGMNR_TEST' and
       seg_owner='HR' and
       seg_type_name='TABLE'
group by operation,timestamp;

OPERATION                        TIMESTAMP                TOTAL
-------------------------------- ------------------- ----------
DDL                              2012/09/09 08:20:47          1

3)寻找DDL命令的细节
例如，使用logminer，可以找出删除表的具体时间和scn，便于media recovery。

select seg_name,operation,scn,timestamp,count(*)
  from v$logmnr_contents
 where operation='DELETE'
 group by seg_name,operation,scn,timestamp
 order by scn;

5 关闭logminer
如果需要进一步的分析，可将v$logmnr_contents内容保存下来
create table logmnr_contents as select * from v$logmnr_contents;
然后，执行关闭：
exec dbms_logmnr.end_logmnr;

附图：