select ... for update在mysql和oracle间锁行为的比较

环境：

mysql> show variables like '%storage_engine%';
+----------------+--------+
| Variable_name  | Value  |
+----------------+--------+
| storage_engine | InnoDB |
+----------------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 5.1.52    |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.06 sec)

SQL> select * from v$version where rownum=1;

BANNER
----------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - 64bi

SQL> !uname -a
Linux Think 2.6.32-220.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Nov 9 08:03:13 EST 2011 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

对mysql而言，select for update必须在一个事务中，当事务commit，锁也就释放了。因此，在实验时，务必加个begin、start transaction 或者 set autocommit=0。

mysql：

------------------sesson_A---------------:
mysql> begin;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from t where i=2 for update;
+---+------+
| i | n    |
+---+------+
| 2 | b
   |
+---+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)


------------------session_B---------------:
mysql> select * from t;
+---+------+
| i | n    |
+---+------+
| 2 | b
   |
| 3 | c
   |
+---+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from t where i=2 for update;
被阻塞...

mysql> update t set n='f' where i=2;
被阻塞...

mysql> alter table t drop index t_idx;
被阻塞...

mysql> delete from t where i=2;
被阻塞...

oracle：

-----------------------session_A---------------
SQL> select * from t where i=1 for update;

	 I N
---------- --------------------
	 1 think big


-----------------------session_B---------------
SQL> select * from t where i=1 for update;
被阻塞...

SQL> update t set n='think open' where i=1;
被阻塞...

SQL> create index t_idx on t(i);
create index t_idx on t(i)
                      *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00054: resource busy and acquire with NOWAIT specified

SQL> delete from t where i=1;
被阻塞...

于mysql，select ... for update 对行记录加个X锁。其他任何事务想在这些行上加任何锁都会被阻塞。这也符合InnoDB行级锁的概念。

在oracle中，我们再做下一个测试：

-----------session_A-------------

SQL> select * from t  for update;
A
-----
a

--------------session_B-------------

SQL> select sid,type,lmode from v$lock where sid=159;

       SID TY	   LMODE
---------- -- ----------
       159 TM	       3
       159 TX	       6

对oracle，当发出select ... for update的时候、得到的是RX锁（lmode=3）,同时通过trc文件，我们还可以发现，Lck被置为1，也也就是同时被加上了行级锁。
trc部分摘录如下：

 Itl           Xid                  Uba         Flag  Lck        Scn/Fsc
0x01   0x000a.029.0000013b  0x008000dd.00c8.2b  C---    0  scn 0x0000.000911f4
0x02   0x0004.026.00000142  0x008000a3.00c7.04  --U-    1  fsc 0x0000.00091339
.....
tl: 5 fb: --H-FL-- lb: 0x2  cc: 1
col  0: [ 1]  61