【Spring】BeanFactory解析bean详解

[size=large]在该文中来讲讲Spring框架中BeanFactory解析bean的过程，该文之前在小编原文中有发表过，要看[url=http://www.toutiao.com/i6403939356603580930/]原文[/url]的可以直接点击原文查看，先来看一个在Spring中一个基本的bean定义与使用。[/size]

package bean;
public class TestBean {
    private String beanName = "beanName";
    public String getBeanName() {
        return beanName;
    }
    public void setBeanName(String beanName) {
        this.beanName = beanName;
    }
}

[size=large]Spring配置文件root.xml定义如下：[/size]

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd">

    <bean id="testBean" class="bean.TestBean">
</beans>

[size=large]下面使用XmlBeanFactory来获取该bean：[/size]

public class BeanTest {

    private static final java.util.logging.Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(BeanTest.class);

    @Test
    public void getBeanTest() {
        BeanFactory factory = new XmlBeanFactory(new ClassPathResource("root.xml"));
        TestBean bean = factory.getBean("testBean");
        logger.info(bean.getBeanName);
    }
}

[size=large]这个单元测试运行结果就是输出beanName，上面就是Spring最基本的bean的获取操作，这里我用BeanFactory作为容器来获取bean的操作并不多见，在企业开发中一般是使用功能更完善的ApplicationContext，这里先不讨论这个，下面重点讲解使用BeanFactory获取bean的过程。

现在就来分析下上面的测试代码，看看Spring到底为我们做了什么工作，上面代码完成功能的流程不外乎如此：
1. 读取Spring配置文件root.xml；
2. 根据root.xml中的bean配置找到对应的类的配置，并实例化；
3. 调用实例化后的对象输出结果。

先来看看XmlBeanFactory源码：[/size]

public class XmlBeanFactory extends DefaultListableBeanFactory {

   private final XmlBeanDefinitionReader reader = new XmlBeanDefinitionReader(this);

   public XmlBeanFactory(Resource resource) throws BeansException {
       this(resource, null);
   }

   public XmlBeanFactory(Resource resource, BeanFactory parentBeanFactory) throws BeansException {
       super(parentBeanFactory);
       this.reader.loadBeanDefinitions(resource);
   }
}

[size=large]从上面可以看出XmlBeanFactory继承了DefaultListableBeanFactory，DefaultListableBeanFactory是Spring注册加载bean的默认实现，它是整个bean加载的核心部分，XmlBeanFactory与它的不同点就是XmlBeanFactory使用了自定义的XML读取器XmlBeanDefinitionReader，实现了自己的BeanDefinitionReader读取。
XmlBeanFactory加载bean的关键就在于XmlBeanDefinitionReader，下面看看XmlBeanDefinitionReader的源码（只列出部分）：[/size]

public class XmlBeanDefinitionReader extends AbstractBeanDefinitionReader {

    private Class<?> documentReaderClass = DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.class;

    private ProblemReporter problemReporter = new FailFastProblemReporter();

    private ReaderEventListener eventListener = new EmptyReaderEventListener();

    private SourceExtractor sourceExtractor = new NullSourceExtractor();

    private NamespaceHandlerResolver namespaceHandlerResolver;

    private DocumentLoader documentLoader = new DefaultDocumentLoader();

    private EntityResolver entityResolver;

    private ErrorHandler errorHandler = new SimpleSaxErrorHandler(logger);
}

[size=large]XmlBeanDefinitionReader继承自AbstractBeanDefinitionReader，下面是AbstractBeanDefinitionReader的源码（只列出部分）：[/size]

public abstract class AbstractBeanDefinitionReader implements EnvironmentCapable, BeanDefinitionReader {

    protected final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());

    private final BeanDefinitionRegistry registry;

    private ResourceLoader resourceLoader;

    private ClassLoader beanClassLoader;

    private Environment environment;

    private BeanNameGenerator beanNameGenerator = new DefaultBeanNameGenerator();
}

[size=large]XmlBeanDefinitionReader主要通过以下三步来加载Spring配置文件中的bean：
1. 通过继承自AbstractBeanDefinitionReader中的方法，使用ResourLoader将资源文件（root.xml）路径转换为对应的Resource文件；
2. 通过DocumentLoader对Resource文件进行转换，将Resource文件转换为Ducument文件；
3. 通过DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader类对Document进行解析，最后再对解析后的Element进行解析。

了解以上基础后，接下来详细分析下一开始例子中的代码：[/size]

BeanFactory factory = new XmlBeanFactory(new ClassPathResource("root.xml"));

[size=large]先看看下面XmlBeanFactory初始化的时序图来进一步了解这段代码的执行，[/size]
[img]http://images2015.cnblogs.com/blog/1044046/201704/1044046-20170405092455394-263253766.png[/img]
[size=large]在这里可以看出BeanTest测试类通过向ClassPathResource的构造方法传入spring的配置文件构造一个Resource资源文件的实例对象，再通过这个Resource资源文件来构造我们想要的XmlBeanFactory实例。在前面XmlBeanFactory源码中的构造方法可以看出，[/size]

public XmlBeanFactory(Resource resource) throws BeansException {
     this(resource, null);
}

public XmlBeanFactory(Resource resource, BeanFactory parentBeanFactory) throws BeansException {
     super(parentBeanFactory);
     this.reader.loadBeanDefinitions(resource);
}

[size=large]this.reader.loadBeanDefinition(resource)就是资源加载真正的实现，时序图中XmlBeanDefinitionReader加载数据就是在这里完成的。

接下来跟进this.reader.loadBeanDefinition(resource)方法里面，[/size]

public class XmlBeanDefinitionReader extends AbstractBeanDefinitionReader {

    @Override
    public int loadBeanDefinitions(Resource resource) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
        return loadBeanDefinitions(new EncodedResource(resource));
    }
}

[size=large]在loadBeanDefinition(resource)方法里对资源文件resource使用EncodedResource进行编码处理后继续传入loadBeanDefinitions方法，继续跟进loadBeanDefinitions(new EncodedResource(resource))方法源码：[/size]

public int loadBeanDefinitions(EncodedResource encodedResource) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
    Assert.notNull(encodedResource, "EncodedResource must not be null");
    if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
        logger.info("Loading XML bean definitions from " + encodedResource.getResource());
    }

    // 通过属性记录已加载的资源
    Set<EncodedResource> currentResources = this.resourcesCurrentlyBeingLoaded.get();
    if (currentResources == null) {
        currentResources = new HashSet<EncodedResource>(4);
        this.resourcesCurrentlyBeingLoaded.set(currentResources);
    }
    if (!currentResources.add(encodedResource)) {
        throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(
                "Detected cyclic loading of " + encodedResource + " - check your import definitions!");
    }
    try {
        // 从resource中获取对应的InputStream，用于下面构造InputSource
        InputStream inputStream = encodedResource.getResource().getInputStream();
        try {
            InputSource inputSource = new InputSource(inputStream);
            if (encodedResource.getEncoding() != null) {
                inputSource.setEncoding(encodedResource.getEncoding());
            }
            // 调用doLoadBeanDefinitions方法
            return doLoadBeanDefinitions(inputSource, encodedResource.getResource());
        }
        finally {
            inputStream.close();
        }
    }
    catch (IOException ex) {
        throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(
                "IOException parsing XML document from " + encodedResource.getResource(), ex);
    }
    finally {
        currentResources.remove(encodedResource);
        if (currentResources.isEmpty()) {
            this.resourcesCurrentlyBeingLoaded.remove();
        }
    }
}

[size=large]继续跟进doLoadBeanDefinitions(inputSource, encodedResource.getResource())方法，这是整个bean加载过程的核心方法，在这个方法执行bean的加载。[/size]

protected int doLoadBeanDefinitions(InputSource inputSource, Resource resource)
        throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
    try {
        Document doc = doLoadDocument(inputSource, resource);
        return registerBeanDefinitions(doc, resource);
    }
    /* 省略一堆catch */
}

[size=large]跟进doLoadDocument(inputSource, resource)源码：[/size]

protected Document doLoadDocument(InputSource inputSource, Resource resource) throws Exception {
    return this.documentLoader.loadDocument(inputSource, getEntityResolver(), this.errorHandler,
            getValidationModeForResource(resource), isNamespaceAware());
}

[size=large]在doLoadDocument(inputSource, resource)方法里就使用到了前面讲的documentLoader加载Document，这里DocumentLoader是个接口，真正调用的是其实现类DefaultDocumentLoader的loadDocument方法，跟进源码：[/size]

public class DefaultDocumentLoader implements DocumentLoader {

    @Override
    public Document loadDocument(InputSource inputSource, EntityResolver entityResolver,
            ErrorHandler errorHandler, int validationMode, boolean namespaceAware) throws Exception {

        DocumentBuilderFactory factory = createDocumentBuilderFactory(validationMode, namespaceAware);
        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
            logger.debug("Using JAXP provider [" + factory.getClass().getName() + "]");
        }
        DocumentBuilder builder = createDocumentBuilder(factory, entityResolver, errorHandler);
        return builder.parse(inputSource);
    }
}

[size=large]从源码可以看出这里先创建DocumentBuilderFactory，再用它创建DocumentBuilder，进而解析inputSource来返回Document对象。得到Document对象后就可以准备注册我们的Bean信息了。

在上面的doLoadBeanDefinitions(inputSource, encodedResource.getResource())方法中拿到Document对象后下面就是执行registerBeanDefinitions(doc, resource)方法了，看源码：[/size]

public int registerBeanDefinitions(Document doc, Resource resource) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
    BeanDefinitionDocumentReader documentReader = createBeanDefinitionDocumentReader();
    documentReader.setEnvironment(getEnvironment());
    // 还没注册bean前的BeanDefinition加载个数
    int countBefore = getRegistry().getBeanDefinitionCount();
    // 加载注册bean
    documentReader.registerBeanDefinitions(doc, createReaderContext(resource));
    // 本次加载注册的BeanDefinition个数
    return getRegistry().getBeanDefinitionCount() - countBefore;
}

[size=large]这里的doc就是上面的loadDocument方法加载转换来的，从上面可以看出主要工作是交给BeanDefinitionDocumentReader的registerBeanDefinitions()方法实现的，这里BeanDefinitionDocumentReader是个接口，注册bean功能在默认实现类DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader的该方法实现，跟进它的源码：[/size]

@Override
public void registerBeanDefinitions(Document doc, XmlReaderContext readerContext) {
    this.readerContext = readerContext;
    logger.debug("Loading bean definitions");
    Element root = doc.getDocumentElement();
    doRegisterBeanDefinitions(root);
}

[size=large]到这里通过doc.getDocumentElement()获得Element对象后，交给doRegisterBeanDefinitions()方法后就是真正执行XML文档的解析了，跟进doRegisterBeanDefinitions()方法源码：[/size]

protected void doRegisterBeanDefinitions(Element root) {
    BeanDefinitionParserDelegate parent = this.delegate;
    this.delegate = createDelegate(getReaderContext(), root, parent);

    if (this.delegate.isDefaultNamespace(root)) {
        String profileSpec = root.getAttribute(PROFILE_ATTRIBUTE);
        if (StringUtils.hasText(profileSpec)) {
            String[] specifiedProfiles = StringUtils.tokenizeToStringArray(
                    profileSpec, BeanDefinitionParserDelegate.MULTI_VALUE_ATTRIBUTE_DELIMITERS);
            if (!getReaderContext().getEnvironment().acceptsProfiles(specifiedProfiles)) {
                return;
            }
        }
    }

    preProcessXml(root);
    parseBeanDefinitions(root, this.delegate);
    postProcessXml(root);

    this.delegate = parent;
}

[size=large]到这里处理流程就很清晰了，先是对profile进行处理，之后就通过parseBeanDefinitions()方法进行文档的解析操作，跟进parseBeanDefinitions()方法源码：[/size]

protected void parseBeanDefinitions(Element root, BeanDefinitionParserDelegate delegate) {
    if (delegate.isDefaultNamespace(root)) {
        NodeList nl = root.getChildNodes();
        for (int i = 0; i < nl.getLength(); i++) {
            Node node = nl.item(i);
            if (node instanceof Element) {
                Element ele = (Element) node;
                // 下面对bean进行处理
                if (delegate.isDefaultNamespace(ele)) {
                    parseDefaultElement(ele, delegate);
                }
                else {
                    delegate.parseCustomElement(ele);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    else {
        delegate.parseCustomElement(root);
    }
}

[size=large]上面if-else语句块中的parseDefaultElement(ele, delegate)和delegate.parseCustomElement(ele)就是对Spring配置文件中的默认命名空间和自定义命名空间进行解析用的。在Spring的XML配置中，默认Bean声明就如前面定义的：[/size]

<bean id="testBean" class="bean.TestBean">

自定义的Bean声明如：

<tx:annotation-driven />

[size=large]XmlBeanFactory加载bean的整个过程基本就讲解到这里了。[/size]