JDBC学习（二）DAO层的设计

<p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: small;">1，</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">对于一个项目来说，往往最先设计出来的就是</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">domain</span></span><span style="">对象，也就是面向业务的对象。例如银行领域的软件中，</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">damain</span></span><span style="">对象往往会有账户，支票，客户等。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: small;">2，</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">一般情况下一个</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">domain</span></span><span style="">对象都会在数据库里面由一个表与之对应</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: small;">3，</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">在</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">DAO</span></span><span style="">层的设计中，一般会有一个包叫做</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">domain</span></span><span style="">包，存放各种</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">domain</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: small;">4，</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">在</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">DAO</span></span><span style="">层的设计中，一般会有一个包叫做</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">DAO</span></span><span style="">包，定义</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">domain</span></span><span style="">对象跟数据库有关的各种操作，因此</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">DAO</span></span><span style="">包中存放的都是借口。例如</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">domain</span></span><span style="">对象的中</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">User</span></span><span style="">通常会对应一个</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">UserDAO</span></span><span style="">接口</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">Interface UserDAO{</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style=""> </span>public void addUser();</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style=""> </span>public void queryUser(int id,String password)</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style=""> </span>public User findUser();</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Times New Roman;">}</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: small;">5，</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span></span><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">当然还需要一个实现包</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: small;">6，</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">这样做可以让业务逻辑层只是根据接口编程，而实现包可以根据情况的改变而发生变化，比如可以使用</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Hibernate</span></span><span style="">，当需要的时候也可以选择使用</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">ibatis</span></span><span style="">来实现。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: small;">7，</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">通常会在</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">DAO</span></span><span style="">包中自己定义一个异常。用来封装</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">DAO</span></span><span style="">的实现包中所产生的各种异常</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: small;">8，</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">为了避免硬代码的实现，在</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">DAO</span></span><span style="">层中实现工厂方法。</span></span></p>