c++ 类型转换

类型转换操作

a = dynamic_cast<T*>(p)

Try to convert p into a T*. It may return 0

a = dynamic_cast<T&>(*p)

Try to convert *p into a T&. It maythrow bad_cast

a = static_cast<T>(p)

Convert p into a T if a T can be contertedinto p's type.

a = reinterpret_cast<T>(p)

Convert p into a T represented by the samebit pattern.

a =const_cast<T>(p)

Convert p into a T by adding or subtractingconst.

a = (T)v

C-style cast.

a = T(v)

Functional cast.

const_cast

const_cast 用来去掉对象的const 限制，c++中只有此操作符可以完成这个功能。

其语法格式为：

const_cast < type-name > (expression)

示例代码如下：

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
int main () {
	string str("A123456789");
	const char *cstr = str.c_str();
	char *nonconst_cstr  = const_cast<char *> (cstr) ; 
	*nonconst_cstr ='B';
	cout << nonconst_cstr << endl;
	return 0;
}

reinterpret_cast
reinterpret_cast 是一种比较低级的转换，这种转帐非常不可靠，个人建议少用。
其语法格式为：
reinterpret_cast < type-name > (expression)
示例代码：

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

struct data {
	short a; 
	short b;
};

int main () {
	long value = 0xA2345678;
	data* pdata = reinterpret_cast<data*> (&value);
	cout << pdata->a << endl;
	return 0;
}

static_cast
static_cast 用来强制的内存转换，如：non-const 对象到 const 对象，int 到double.此操作可以完成除const 到 non-const的所有转换。
语法格式：
static_cast < type-name > (expression)
示例代码：

class Base {};
class Derived : public Base {};
class UnrelatedClass {};

int main() 
{
	Base base;
	Derived derived;

	// #1: valid upcast
	Base *pBase = static_cast<Base *>(&derived);  

	// #2: valid downcast
	Derived *pDerived = static_cast<Derived *> (&base);

	// #3: invalid, between unrelated classes
	UnrelatedClass *pUnrelated 
		= static_cast<UnrelatedClass *> (&derived);
}

通过此示例代码可以得知：static_cast 可以在继承类间向上转换，向下转换但不能在不相关类之间做转换。
dynamic_cast
dynamic_cast 是用来在类的继承关系中安全的向下转换。
示例代码见上一个博文。