inverse 在 one-to-many 中所含意义的详细解释

初学Hibernate很多人搞不清inverse的意义在这里做一个详细的解释

首先对inverse做一个语言描述

inverse="true"即表示放弃对关系的维护权.在inverse所在的hibernate配置元素中,所有的关系改变将不被反映到数据库中.

例如,如下两个配置

1 Item类映射文件

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<!-- Generated 2010-4-13 15:36:15 by Hibernate Tools 3.3.0.GA -->
<hibernate-mapping>
    <class name="com.hib.entity.Item" table="item" catalog="hibernate">
        <id name="itemId" type="java.lang.Integer">
            <column name="ITEM_ID" />
            <generator class="identity" />
        </id>
        <property name="sellerId" type="int">
            <column name="SELLER_ID" not-null="true" />
        </property>
        <property name="name" type="string">
            <column name="NAME" not-null="true" />
        </property>
        <set name="bids" table="bid" inverse="true" lazy="false" fetch="select">
            <key>
                <column name="ITEM_ID" not-null="true" />
            </key>
            <one-to-many class="com.hib.entity.Bid" />
        </set>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

 2 Bid类映射文件

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<!-- Generated 2010-4-13 15:36:15 by Hibernate Tools 3.3.0.GA -->
<hibernate-mapping>
    <class name="com.hib.entity.Bid" table="bid" catalog="hibernate">
        <id name="bidId" type="java.lang.Integer">
            <column name="BID_ID" />
            <generator class="identity" />
        </id>
        <many-to-one name="item" class="com.hib.entity.Item" fetch="select">
            <column name="ITEM_ID" not-null="true" />
        </many-to-one>
        <property name="bidderId" type="java.lang.Integer">
            <column name="BIDDER_ID" />
        </property>
        <property name="amount" type="java.lang.Integer">
            <column name="AMOUNT" />
        </property>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

 Item类映射文件中set元素的inverse="true"表示 Item 类的 set 集合放弃对关联关系的维护权.也就是说,对于一个Item类的实例.改变set中的内容,在Item 的 update 和 insert 操作中将不被反映到数据库.这句话是什么意思.请看如下代码.

已知条件:数据库中.ITEM表和BID表数据如下

ITEM 表

--------------------------------------

ITEM_ID  |  NAME

---------------------------------------

1             | item1

--------------------------------------

2             | item2

---------------------------------------

BID表

----------------------------------------

BID_ID    | ITEM_ID | AMOUNT

------------------------------------------

1             | 1            | 3000

--------------------------------------------

2             | 1            | 3000

-------------------------------------------

 

执行如下java代码

Item item=ItemDAO.getById(2);
Bid bid=BidDAO.getById(2);
item.getBids().add(bid);
ItemDAO.update(item);

 

执行完后,数据库内容如下

ITEM 表

--------------------------------------

ITEM_ID  |  NAME

---------------------------------------

1             | item1

--------------------------------------

2             | item2

---------------------------------------

BID表

----------------------------------------

BID_ID    | ITEM_ID | AMOUNT

------------------------------------------

1             | 1            | 3000

--------------------------------------------

2             | 1            | 3000

-------------------------------------------

可以看到,数据库没有任何改变.

查看

Item item=ItemDAO.getById(2);
System.out.println(item.getBids().size());

 size

Item item=ItemDAO.getById(2);
System.out.println(item.getBids().size());

 

仍然为0.再执行如下代码

Item item=ItemDAO.getById(2);
Bid bid=BidDAO.getById(2);
bid.setItem(item)
BidDAO.update(bid);

 此时数据库为

ITEM 表

--------------------------------------

ITEM_ID  |  NAME

---------------------------------------

1             | item1

--------------------------------------

2             | item2

---------------------------------------

BID表

----------------------------------------

BID_ID    | ITEM_ID | AMOUNT

------------------------------------------

1             | 1            | 3000

--------------------------------------------

2             | 2            | 3000

-------------------------------------------

再执行

Item item=ItemDAO.getById(2);
System.out.println(item.getBids().size());

 size为1，从上面可以看出.inverse="true"标志着Item类不维护关联关系(不反映到数据库).而有Bid类进行维护(反映到数据库)

如果需要让Item类来维护关联关系(Bid类必须放弃对关联关系的维护)修改配置文件如下

Item 类配置文件,修改inverse="false"

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<!-- Generated 2010-4-13 15:36:15 by Hibernate Tools 3.3.0.GA -->
<hibernate-mapping>
    <class name="com.hib.entity.Item" table="item" catalog="hibernate">
        <id name="itemId" type="java.lang.Integer">
            <column name="ITEM_ID" />
            <generator class="identity" />
        </id>
        <property name="sellerId" type="int">
            <column name="SELLER_ID" not-null="true" />
        </property>
        <property name="name" type="string">
            <column name="NAME" not-null="true" />
        </property>
        <set name="bids" table="bid" inverse="false" lazy="false" fetch="select">
            <key>
                <column name="ITEM_ID" not-null="true" />
            </key>
            <one-to-many class="com.hib.entity.Bid" />
        </set>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

 Bid 类映射文件,修改<many-to-one>元素,添加update="false",insert="false"属性,其意义为,在Bid类的update与insert操作中,忽略<many-to-one>所映射的item字段,不将其反映到数据库中

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<!-- Generated 2010-4-13 15:36:15 by Hibernate Tools 3.3.0.GA -->
<hibernate-mapping>
    <class name="com.hib.entity.Bid" table="bid" catalog="hibernate">
        <id name="bidId" type="java.lang.Integer">
            <column name="BID_ID" />
            <generator class="identity" />
        </id>
        <many-to-one name="item" class="com.hib.entity.Item" fetch="select" insert="false" update="false">
            <column name="ITEM_ID" not-null="true" />
        </many-to-one>
        <property name="bidderId" type="java.lang.Integer">
            <column name="BIDDER_ID" />
        </property>
        <property name="amount" type="java.lang.Integer">
            <column name="AMOUNT" />
        </property>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>