In general,
block devices : are devices that store or hold data
character devices : can be thought of as devices that transmit or transfer data.
For example, diskette drives, hard drives and CD-ROM drives are all block devices while serial ports, mice and parallel printer ports are all character devices.
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/dev/ttyS0 (First communications port, COM1)
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First serial port (mice, modems).
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/dev/psaux (PS/2)
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PS/2 mouse connection (mice, keyboards).
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/dev/lp0 (First printer port, LPT1)
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First parallel port (printers, scanners, etc).
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/dev/dsp (First audio device)
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The name DSP comes from the term digital signal processor, a specialized processor chip optimized for digital signal analysis. Sound cards may use a dedicated DSP chip, or may implement the functions with a number of discrete devices. Other terms that may be used for this device are digitized voice and PCM.
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/dev/usb (USB Devices)
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This subdirectory contains most of the USB device nodes. Device name allocations are fairly simplistic so no elaboration is be necessary.
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/dev/sda (C:\, SCSI device)
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First SCSI device (HDD, Memory Sticks, external mass storage devices such as CD-ROM drives on laptops, etc).
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/dev/scd (D:\, SCSI CD-ROM device)
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First SCSI CD-ROM device.
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/dev/js0 (Standard gameport joystick)
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First joystick device.